LAB 1

Question 1

COLONY

Answer 1

small mass of genetically identical cells

Question 2

PURE CULTURE

Answer 2

isolated group of genetically identical cells

Question 3

MEDIUM

- LAWN

Answer 3

solution or solid with nutrients so that cells can grow/ divide.
It can be a liquid or a mixed with something to solidify it.
ex: Agar plate= solid medium that helps cells grow and divide.
- dense, even layer of bacteria.

Question 4

LIGHT MICROSCOPE (includes 3 lenses)

Answer 4

Light from light source shines on specimen and lenses magnify the image.

Question 5

CONDENSER LENS

Answer 5

Focuses light from light source to specimen.

Question 6

OBJECTIVE LENS

Answer 6

Magnifies image on specimen

Question 7

OCULAR LENS/EYPIECE

Answer 7

Magnifies image+ INVERTS it for better viewing.CONTAINS MICROMETER

Question 8

FIELD IRIS DIAPHRAGM

Answer 8

Iris that controls the light that enters the lens system. Decreasing Light improves contrast.

Question 9

CONTRAST

Answer 9

Difference between light and dark areas. Can make translucent images stand out.

Question 10

COURSE FOCUS KNOB

Answer 10

Moves Stage up and down. Only used for LOW power lenses.

Question 11

FINE FOCUS KNOB

Answer 11

Bring image to SHARPER focus under Low power. HIGH power lenses.

Question 12

BODY TUBE

Answer 12

Tube that contains a prism that allows light to pass from objective lens to ocular lens.

Question 13

INTEPUPPINARY DISTANCE

Answer 13

Distance between your pupils. Incorrectly set can cause eye strain, incorrect measurements, and may affect microscope’s ability to be par-focal

Question 14

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION

Answer 14

Objective lens X Ocular lens

eg: 40/0.2= Objective magnifies image 40 times its actual size.

Question 15

PAR FOCAL

Answer 15

objective lens can be changed without having to refocus microscope

Question 16

RESOLUTION

Answer 16

Differentiates two adjacent points as being different.

Question 17

RESOLUTION VALUE

Answer 17

minimum distance required for two objects to be seen as separate.

Question 18

Hypothesis

Answer 18

educated guess that predicts the answer to your question

Question 19

Constants

Answer 19

factors which are kept constant throughout the experiment

Question 20

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Answer 20

variable of that is MANIPULATED

Question 21

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Answer 21

RESULT OF MANIPULATION

Question 22

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

Answer 22

measures the effect of Independent variable(manipulated variable) on the dependent variable.

Question 23

CONTROL GROUP

Answer 23

examines dependent variable in the absence of the independent variable.

Question 24

SOLVENT CONTROL GROUP

Answer 24

examines solvent in experiment. Makes sure that the effect on the dependent variable is only due to the independent variable and not due to the solvent.

Question 25

OSMOSIS

Answer 25

water movement from area of [low solute] to [high solute]
-Passive transport
Plants, prokaryotes, protists have cell walls that constrict the cytoplasm size and prevent plasma membrane from rupturing.

Question 26

HYPOTONIC

Answer 26

SOLUTION with [LOW SOLUTE] than cell. TURGID: cell swells due to water entering the cell.

Question 27

HYPERTONIC

Answer 27

SOLUTION with [HIGH SOLUTE] than cell. Plasmolysis: cell shrinks as water leaves the cell, Plasma membrane disrupted and cell dies.

Question 28

ISOTONIC

Answer 28

SOLUTION with same [SOLUTE] as cell. FLACCID: no net mvmt of water, low pressure on cell wall.

Question 29

CALACUALTIONS

Answer 29

1MM=10000UM

1UM=1000NM

Question 30

STAGE

Answer 30

surface where slide is placed. Horizontal mvmt: object can be located. Vertical mvmt: focus on slide.

Question 31

MAGNIFICATION= SIZE OF DRAWING/ ACTUAL SIZE OF SPECIMEN

Answer 31

ratio of size of magnified image to the size of actual image.

• Size of Drawing: ruler
• Actual size of specimen: FOV, Ocular Micrometer

Question 32

CONTROLLED VARIABLE

Answer 32

regimes/ conditions applied to both experimental and control groups to measure the effect of manipulated variable on responding variable.