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Molecular Biology Lab. > Lab 1. > Flashcards

Lab 1. Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

It is the carrier of genetic information which can be passed on to future generation.

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2
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

The process by which DNA can copy itself so that genetic information can be passed to future generations.

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3
Q

What is DNA an instruction manual for?

A

It is an instruction manual for making proteins.

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4
Q

What is the function of proteins?

A

They are used in the maintenance and function of cells.

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5
Q

How does DNA provide the information that is used to build a protein?

A

It gives the order of amino acids which are the individual building blocks for proteins.

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6
Q

Who discovered the structure of the DNA molecule?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick.

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7
Q

What is the structure of the DNA?

A

A double helix that consists of 2 antiparallel strands that are joined together by 4 different types of base pairs.

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8
Q

How is the structure of DNA often described?

A

As a spiral ladder

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9
Q

What part of the DNA molecule makes up the sides of the ladder?

A

The two sugar-phosphate strands.

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10
Q

What part of the DNA molecule makes up the rungs of the ladder?

A

Each rung is composed of a pair of nitrogenous bases.

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11
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up the base pairs found within DNA?

A

Adenine (A).

Thymine (T).

Guanine (G).

Cytosine (C).

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12
Q

How do the 4 nitrogenous bases pair with each other to form base pairs?

A

A always pairs with T.

C always pairs with G.

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13
Q

What kind of bonds hold the base pairs together within the DNA molecule?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

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14
Q

How can DNA be extracted from the nucleus?

A

By adding an aqueous buffered extraction solution to cells.

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15
Q

How does the aqueous buffered extraction solution allow for the extraction of DNA from the cell?

A

The solution will chemically lyse the cell and the DNA will be released from the chromosomes.

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16
Q

What is the process of breaking open a cell to extract intracellular components known as?

A

Cell lysis.

17
Q

Is DNA soluble in water?

A

Yes.

18
Q

Why is the extracted DNA not placed in water after it has been extracted?

A

Because DNA is soluble in water and cannot be seen.

19
Q

Why is the extracted DNA placed in alcohol after it has been extracted?

A

Because it is insoluble in alcohol and can be seen.

20
Q

How is the extracted DNA purified after it has been extracted?

A

It is precipitated with alcohol and salt.

21
Q

The amount of DNA that is spooled is a consequence of what?

A

It is a consequence of the size of the DNA fragments.

22
Q

Is isopropyl alcohol less or more dense than water?

A

It is less dense than water.

23
Q

How will the DNA solution and the isopropyl alcohol mix once they are placed together?

A

2 layers will be formed and the alchohol will be above the DNA solution.

24
Q

What tool is used to separate the DNA strands from the solution?

A

A spooling rod.

25
Q

What is the absorption of the nitrogenous bases in DNA

A

Around 260nm.

26
Q

What is mass spectrometry used for?

A

To assess the DNA concentration within a sample.

27
Q

How does the amount of light absorbed by the DNA sample affect the nucleic acid concentration within the sample?

A

The more light absorbed by the sample, the higher the nucleic acid concentration within the sample.

28
Q

Why was the isopropyl alcohol that was used in this experiment cold?

A

As low temperatures protect the DNA by slowing down the activity of endonucleases.

It increases the precipitation rate of DNA.

29
Q

How will the DNA appear as it attaches to the spooling rod?

A

As a viscous material adhering to the rod.

30
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

It is the location of the cell where DNA is stored.

31
Q

What precipitates the DNA?

A

The cold alcohol.

32
Q

What properties of DNA allow for spooling to occur?

A

The plastic rod is positively charged and the DNA is negatively charged.

Molecular Biology Lab. (7 decks)

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