Lab 1

Question 1

An observable physical phenomenon so frequently associated with a given condition as to be considered indicative of its presence

Answer 1

Sign

Question 2

An organic or physiologic manifestation of disease of which the patient is usually aware and frequently complains of

Answer 2

Symptom

Question 3

A cutaneous area receiving the greater part of its innervation from a single spinal nerve

Answer 3

Dermatome

Question 4

A muscle receiving the greater part of it’s innervation from a single spinal nerve

Answer 4

Myotome

Question 5

Angulation toward the body (midline)

Answer 5

Varus

Question 6

Angulation away from the body (midline)

Answer 6

Valgus

Question 7

To draw away from a center or median line

Answer 7

Abduction

Question 8

To draw toward a center or median line

Answer 8

Adduction

Question 9

The assessment of an injury is done under a SOAP format. What does this stand for?

Answer 9

Subjective
Objective
Analysis
Program

Question 10

Subjective

Answer 10

history and observation

Question 11

Objective

Answer 11

clear above and below joint
active movement
passive movement
resisted movement
neuro
special tests (remember to always compare to opposite side)
palpation

Question 12

Analysis

Answer 12

decide which tissues are at fault (contractile, inert or both)

Question 13

Program

Answer 13

what is the treatment?

Question 14

What are the 3 goals of an onfield assessment?

Answer 14

1) rule out life or limb threatening injury
2) determine if area is stable
3) determine how athlete is going to be removed

Question 15

What ways can an athlete be removed from the field?

Answer 15

assisted vs. supported

weight bearing vs. non weight bearing

Question 16

What is a strain?

Answer 16

disruption of a contractile unit due to excessive stress caused by passive stretch and active contraction

Question 17

What is a sprain?

Answer 17

disruption of a ligament by force - moves one bone abnormally on another

Question 18

Grade 1 Strain

Answer 18

Minimal pain
Little loss of strength
Pain on extreme stretch
No increase in circumference

Question 19

Grade 2 Strain

Answer 19

Marked pain
Considerable loss of strength
Limited stretch
Slowly increasing circumference

Question 20

Grade 3 Strain

Answer 20

Significant pain
Flicker/no strength
Variable stretch
Rapidly increasing circumference

Question 21

Grade 1 Sprain

Answer 21

Slight pain when stress replicated
No laxity
Good endpoint

Question 22

Grade 2 Sprain

Answer 22

Significant pain when stress replicated
Some laxity
Endpoint

Question 23

Grade 3 Sprain

Answer 23

Variable pain when stress replicated
Gross laxity
No endpoint

Question 24

What is the order of an assessment?

Answer 24

Subjective - history and observation

Objective - AROM, PROM, Resisted, Neuro, Special Tests, Palpation

Question 25

Active movements cause pain in which soft tissues?

Answer 25

contractile and inert

Question 26

AROM gives us important information like...

Answer 26

where they are sore willingness to move ROM

Question 27

Passive movement cause pain in which soft tissues?

Answer 27

inert and puts the antagonist on stretch

Question 28

What does PROM tell us?

Answer 28

endfeel

Question 29

List three normal endfeels?

Answer 29

bony spongy capsular

Question 30

List three abnormal endfeels?

Answer 30

empty springy spasm/stretch abnormal capsular

Question 31

Resisted movement tests which soft tissues?

Answer 31

contractile

Question 32

How is resisted movement tested?

Answer 32

Athlete positioned with joint in neutral Ask athlete to hold the joint in desired position We attempt to move the joint in the direction opposite to which the muscle performs slowly. Slowly release *tests muscle and nerve*

Question 33

If something is wrong with a nerve how is that evidence in a muscle contraction?

Answer 33

weak contraciton

Question 34

If a muscle contraction is painful - is it the muscle or the nerve at fault?

Answer 34

muscle

Question 35

If a muscle contraction is weak and painless, what is happening to the muscle and the nerve?

Answer 35

Muscle - complete tear/chronic | Nerve - compressed

Question 36

List the myotomes of the cervical spine

Answer 36

``` C1-2 Neck flexion C3 - neck side flexion C4 - Shoulder elevation C5 - Shoulder abduction C6 - Elbow flexion C7 - elbow extension C8 - thumb extension T1 - intrinsic hand muscles ```

Question 37

List the myotomes of the lower extremity

Answer 37

L1-2 hip flexion L3 - knee extension L4 - ankle dorsal flexion L5 - toe extension S1 - ankle plantar flexion, eversion, hip extension S2 - knee flexion S3 - intrinsic foot muscles

Question 38

What are the functions of taping?

Answer 38

- provide immediate first aid - to prevent injury - to protect a previously injured limb - never tape over a suspected undiagnosed injury in order to allow participaiton