Lab 1 Flashcards
An observable physical phenomenon so frequently associated with a given condition as to be considered indicative of its presence
Sign
An organic or physiologic manifestation of disease of which the patient is usually aware and frequently complains of
Symptom
A cutaneous area receiving the greater part of its innervation from a single spinal nerve
Dermatome
A muscle receiving the greater part of it’s innervation from a single spinal nerve
Myotome
Angulation toward the body (midline)
Varus
Angulation away from the body (midline)
Valgus
To draw away from a center or median line
Abduction
To draw toward a center or median line
Adduction
The assessment of an injury is done under a SOAP format. What does this stand for?
Subjective
Objective
Analysis
Program
Subjective
history and observation
Objective
clear above and below joint active movement passive movement resisted movement neuro special tests (remember to always compare to opposite side) palpation
Analysis
decide which tissues are at fault (contractile, inert or both)
Program
what is the treatment?
What are the 3 goals of an onfield assessment?
1) rule out life or limb threatening injury
2) determine if area is stable
3) determine how athlete is going to be removed
What ways can an athlete be removed from the field?
assisted vs. supported
weight bearing vs. non weight bearing
What is a strain?
disruption of a contractile unit due to excessive stress caused by passive stretch and active contraction
What is a sprain?
disruption of a ligament by force - moves one bone abnormally on another
Grade 1 Strain
Minimal pain
Little loss of strength
Pain on extreme stretch
No increase in circumference
Grade 2 Strain
Marked pain
Considerable loss of strength
Limited stretch
Slowly increasing circumference
Grade 3 Strain
Significant pain
Flicker/no strength
Variable stretch
Rapidly increasing circumference
Grade 1 Sprain
Slight pain when stress replicated
No laxity
Good endpoint
Grade 2 Sprain
Significant pain when stress replicated
Some laxity
Endpoint
Grade 3 Sprain
Variable pain when stress replicated
Gross laxity
No endpoint
What is the order of an assessment?
Subjective - history and observation
Objective - AROM, PROM, Resisted, Neuro, Special Tests, Palpation
Active movements cause pain in which soft tissues?
contractile and inert
AROM gives us important information like…
where they are sore
willingness to move
ROM
Passive movement cause pain in which soft tissues?
inert and puts the antagonist on stretch
What does PROM tell us?
endfeel
List three normal endfeels?
bony
spongy
capsular
List three abnormal endfeels?
empty
springy
spasm/stretch
abnormal capsular
Resisted movement tests which soft tissues?
contractile
How is resisted movement tested?
Athlete positioned with joint in neutral
Ask athlete to hold the joint in desired position
We attempt to move the joint in the direction opposite to which the muscle performs slowly.
Slowly release
tests muscle and nerve
If something is wrong with a nerve how is that evidence in a muscle contraction?
weak contraciton
If a muscle contraction is painful - is it the muscle or the nerve at fault?
muscle
If a muscle contraction is weak and painless, what is happening to the muscle and the nerve?
Muscle - complete tear/chronic
Nerve - compressed
List the myotomes of the cervical spine
C1-2 Neck flexion C3 - neck side flexion C4 - Shoulder elevation C5 - Shoulder abduction C6 - Elbow flexion C7 - elbow extension C8 - thumb extension T1 - intrinsic hand muscles
List the myotomes of the lower extremity
L1-2 hip flexion
L3 - knee extension
L4 - ankle dorsal flexion
L5 - toe extension
S1 - ankle plantar flexion, eversion, hip extension
S2 - knee flexion
S3 - intrinsic foot muscles
What are the functions of taping?
- provide immediate first aid
- to prevent injury
- to protect a previously injured limb
- never tape over a suspected undiagnosed injury in order to allow participaiton
