Lab 1

Question 1

Muscadine Grape (Scientific Name)

Answer 1

Vitis rotundifolia

Question 2

Muscadine Grape (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 2

Physical characteristics & Plant info

~ Native plant
~ Vine with extensive tendrils
~ Rounded serrated leaves

Question 3

Muscadine Grape (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 3

~ Flowers bloom (April thru June)
~ Fruits ripen (August thru September)
~ Prolific fruiter (Fruits HIGH in antioxidants)
~ Animal dispersed seeds that need scarification to germinate

Question 4

Muscadine Grape (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 4

~ Wildlife food - late summer/early winter for birds and mammals (eat fruit)
~ Deer, bear, turkey, grouse, raccoon, opossum, gray squirrel, skunk
~ Gray squirrel prefer to nest in trees supporting grapevines
~ Low to moderate browse for deer

Question 5

Alabama Supplejack (Scientific name)

Answer 5

Berchemia scandens

Question 6

Alabama Supplejack (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 6

~ Native, twining woody vine
~ Alternate leaves with pointed tips
~ Shiny green above and whitish below and parallel veins

Question 7

Alabama SuppleJack (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 7

~ Flowers bloom (April thru May)
~ Fruits ripen (August thru November)
~ Fruits have a white wax glaze over dark blue

Question 8

Alabama Supplejack (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 8

~ Fruits eaten by turkey, quail, raccoon, and gray squirrel

~ High preference deer forage

Question 9

Summer Grape (Scientific name)

Answer 9

Vitis aestivalis

Question 10

Summer Grape (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 10

~ High climbing and arbor forming native vine
~ Stem is reddish-brown hairy
~ Alternate leaves with hairless to short hairy above and densely to sparsely rusty hairy and bluish green beneath

Question 11

Summer Grape (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 11

~ Fruits present (August thru October)
~ Green to black and white waxy glaze
~ Animal dispersed seeds that need scarification to germinate

Question 12

Summer Grape (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 12

~ Fruits important for bear, deer, turkey, ruffed grouse, raccoon, opossum, squirrel, and striped skunk
~ Numerous songbirds consume the fruit

Question 13

Silky Dogwood (Scientific name)

Answer 13

Cornus amomum

Question 14

Silky Dogwood (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 14

~Native
~ Opposite branching, simple leaves
~ White fibers present in leaf when torn
~ Veins curvilinear on leaves

Question 15

Silky Dogwood (Habitat)

Answer 15

~ Commonly found for slope stabilization in wetlands

Question 16

Silky Dogwood (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 16

Flowers bloom (June)
Fruits ripen (late summer commonly in September; bluish black)

Question 17

Silky Dogwood (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 17

~ Berries consumed by small mammals/birds
~ Important nectar source for the silver spotted skipper
~ Leaves hoard calcium

Question 18

Eastern Redcedar (Scientific name)

Answer 18

Juniperus virginiana

Question 19

Eastern Redcedar (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 19

~ Native
~ Evergreen, common along fence rows because of birds, aromatic
~ Leaves overlap
~ Dioecous - fruits only on females
~ Host for fusiform rust (fungus attacks pines)

Question 20

Eastern Redcedar (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 20

~ Fall and Winter food

Question 21

Eastern Redcedar (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 21

~ Fall/Winter food
~ Birds eat fruit
~ Cedar waxwing closely associated
~ Important thermal cover for birds and small mammals in winter
~ Low quality browse, found in deer diet in overpopulated herd especially during winter

Question 22

Common Ragweed (Scientific name)

Answer 22

Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Question 23

Common Ragweed (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 23

~ Native, very common
~ Dissected, opposite leaves (Fern-like)
~ Responsible for 90% of allergies in US

Question 24

Common Ragweed (Habitat and Extra Info)

Answer 24

~ Found on forest edges, roadsides, and old fields

~ Promoted by soil disturbance and fire

Question 25

Common Ragweed (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 25

~ Flowers bloom (late summer thru fall) ~ Seed is a beaked nutlet available during fall thru December, seed dispersed by wildlife ~ Seed can persist in soil for decades awaiting disturbance

Question 26

Common Ragweed (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 26

~ UNBELIEVABLE WILDLIFE VALUE!!! ~ Second to none for quail cover ~ Seed also consumed by quail, dove, and other birds ~ 30% crude protein in spring/summer (important deer forage species) ~ 80% digestible

Question 27

Blackberry (Scientific name)

Answer 27

Rubus spp.

Question 28

Blackberry (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 28

~ Native, perennial semiwoody ~ Compound Leaf - leaflets in 3s or 5s ~ Highly ridged equipped with thorns (mechanical defense)

Question 29

Blackberry (Habitat and Extra Info)

Answer 29

~ Well drained sites | ~ Responds well to fire

Question 30

Blackberry (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 30

~ Flowers bloom (March thru May) ~ Fruits in spring thru late summer depending on species, peaks in June in most species ~ Staggered fruit ripening ~ Fruits are aggregates of druplets

Question 31

Blackberry (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 31

~ Countless species consume berries, may be most important genus in the south ~ Excellent deer browse, ~20% Crude Protein (Power 6) ~ Patches of brambles are fantastic cover for many species of birds and small mammals

Question 32

Giant Ragweed (Scientific name)

Answer 32

Ambrosia trifida

Question 33

Giant Ragweed (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 33

~ Native ~ Opposite leaves, palmately 3-5 lobed ~ Can grow >6ft

Question 34

Giant Ragweed (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 34

~ LESS WILDLIFE VALUE AS COMMON RAGWEED ~ Poor deer browse ~ Seeds are intermittently used by birds ~ Good cover for bobwhites, especially in old fields and native grasslands

Question 35

Beggar's Lice (Scientific name)

Answer 35

Desmodium spp.

Question 36

Beggar's Lice (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 36

~ 3 leaflets ~ Stipules on the opposite leaves and axis of leaflets ~ Most species have sticky velvet-like hairs on seeds and leaves that cling to animals for dispersal

Question 37

Beggar's Lice (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 37

~ Quail food (seeds) ~ Other birds also eat the seeds ~ Important flowers for butterflies ~ Excellent deer browse with HIGH CP of ~25% (Power 6) ~ Only plant that maintains high crude protein in drought (16% CP)

Question 38

Dogfennel (Scientific name)

Answer 38

Eupatorium capillifolium

Question 39

Dogfennel (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 39

~ Native ~ Perennial herbaceous plant ~ Foliage has a scent similar to dill

Question 40

Dogfennel (Habitat and Extra Info)

Answer 40

~ Roadsides and soil disturbed areas like logging decks | ~ Responds to fires

Question 41

Dogfennel (Wildlife Value and Use)

Answer 41

~ Pollinated by insects ~ Consumed by wasps ~ Valuable structure component in old fields and grasslands

Question 42

Japanese Honeysuckle (Scientific name)

Answer 42

Lonicera japonica

Question 43

Japanese Honeysuckle (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 43

~ Non-native and Invasive twining shrub ~ Pubescent, opposite leaves, can be lobed, Persist thru winter (semi-evergreen) ~ 2 prong fancy flowers ~ Will outcompete native coral honeysuckle

Question 44

Japanese Honeysuckle (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 44

~ Flowers bloom (April thru June) | ~ Fruits in (August thru March)

Question 45

Japanese Honeysuckle (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 45

~ Important for hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, deer during winter ~ Birds spread seeds ~ Fruit and veg readily consumed by turkey, quail, and songbirds

Question 46

Goldenrod (Scientific name)

Answer 46

Solidago spp.

Question 47

Goldenrod (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 47

~ Native, numerous species ~ May grow 4ft tall ~ Contains many tiny flowers

Question 48

Goldenrod (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 48

~ Flowers in spike, clusters, or droopy spires ~ Flowers in late summer and fall ~ Important allergen for many people

Question 49

Goldenrod (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 49

~ Flowers attractive to bees and butterflies ~ Songbirds eat seeds in fall especially American goldfinch ~ Good cover plant for turkey, poults, and quail ~ Moderately browsed by deer ~ Important structure for cover in old-fields and prairie grasslands

Question 50

Boxelder (Scientific name)

Answer 50

Acer negundo

Question 51

Boxelder (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 51

``` ~ Tree ~ Opposite Leaf and branching ~ Compound leaflets 3s or 5s ~ Often confused with Poison Ivy ~ Green Stems ```

Question 52

Boxelder (Habitat and Extra Info)

Answer 52

~ Riparian zones and produce wind-dispersed samaras ~ Native Americans used sap as syrup

Question 53

Boxelder (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 53

~ Seeds utilized by some species of songbirds

Question 54

Persimmon (Scientific name)

Answer 54

Diospyros virginiana

Question 55

Persimmon (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 55

~Smooth, tear drop leaves ~ Pointed leaves w/ white underside ~ Heavily black veined underside with winter leaf ~ Commonly has black spots on leaves ~ Small vascular bundles ~ Scally bark on larger trees with orange in furrows

Question 56

Persimmon (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 56

~ Flowers bloom (spring/summer) ~ Fruits in fall peaking in late September thru early October ~ Small dark triangular terminal buds

Question 57

Persimmon (Extra Info)

Answer 57

~ Used to make golf clubheads

Question 58

Persimmon (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 58

~ Soft mast used extensively by wildlife ~ Deer love 'em ~ Unripe fruit is astringent to discourage consumption until seed viable ~ Seed must be scarified in digestive tract

Question 59

Poison Ivy (Scientific name)

Answer 59

Toxicodendron radicans

Question 60

Poison Ivy (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 60

~ Deciduous vine alternate branching ~ Compound leaf - 3 leaflets ~ Oil (Urushiol) is the allergen not pollen

Question 61

Poison Ivy (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 61

~ Fruits consumed by 80 bird species including Woodpeckers, Northern Flicker and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker ~ Very important energy source for overwintering birds ~ Good browse for herbivores especially deer and swamp rabbit

Question 62

Eastern Redbud (Scientific name)

Answer 62

Cercis canadensis

Question 63

Eastern Redbud (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 63

``` ~ Deciduous ~ Smooth heart shaped simple leaves ~ Tree ~ Grows in basic soils ~ Nitrogen fixer ```

Question 64

Eastern Redbud (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 64

~ Purple flowers bloom in early April | ~ Fruit is a peapod legume

Question 65

Eastern Redbud (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 65

~ Not the best species ~ Deer occasionally browse ~ Quail and songbirds eat seeds

Question 66

Sassafras (Scientific name)

Answer 66

Sassafras albidum

Question 67

Sassafras (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 67

~ Smooth leaves, smells like fruit loops ~ Tri-, Single-, or mitten-lobed ~ Leaves smells like fruit loops when crushed ~ Whorled appearance

Question 68

Sassafras (Extra Info)

Answer 68

~ Medicinal use: safrole oil banned by FDA for use - roots may be carcinogenic ~ Spicebush swallowtail and spicebush silkmoth closely associated

Question 69

Greenbriar (Scientific name)

Answer 69

Smilax spp.

Question 70

Greenbriar (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 70

~ Climbing vine ~ Alternate leaves ~ Mechanical defenses (spines) and contains a rhizome roots to with stand intense herbivory

Question 71

Greenbriar (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 71

~ Fruit important to Wildlife | ~ Fruit ripens (September thru October and persists into late winter)

Question 72

Greenbriar (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 72

~ Heavily browsed by deer (Power 6) and lagomorphs ~ Late winter food source for birds ~ HIGH nutrition and digestible crude protein for herbivores (~25% CP) ~ Over 40 species of birds known to eat the fruit

Question 73

Peppervine (Scientific name)

Answer 73

Ampelopsis arborea

Question 74

Peppervine (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 74

~ High climbing woody vine ~ Pinnately compound leaves ~ Looks somewhat similar to trumpet creeper

Question 75

Peppervine (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 75

~ Fruit ripens (September thru December) | ~ Fruit tastes peppery

Question 76

Peppervine (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 76

~ Poor deer forage | ~ Fruits eaten extensively by raccoons

Question 77

Virginia Creeper (Scientific name)

Answer 77

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Question 78

Virginia Creeper (Physical Characteristics)

Answer 78

~ Native ~ Vine, climbing stems ~ Whorled, broadly serrated compound leaves ~ May cause dermatitis in humans

Question 79

Virginia Creeper (Flowers and Fruits)

Answer 79

~ Fruits important for migrating birds in late October thru February ~ Drupe fruits and animal dispersed seeds

Question 80

Virginia Creeper (Wildlife Value/Use)

Answer 80

~ Carolina chickadee, northern mockingbird, gray catbird, tree swallow, american robin, and numerous woodpeckers and thrushes ~ Gray squirrel ~ Low to moderate deer browse