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Wildlife Plant ID - Lab 1 > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Muscadine Grape (Scientific Name)

A

Vitis rotundifolia

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2
Q

Muscadine Grape (Physical Characteristics)

A

Physical characteristics & Plant info

~ Native plant
~ Vine with extensive tendrils
~ Rounded serrated leaves

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3
Q

Muscadine Grape (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (April thru June)
~ Fruits ripen (August thru September)
~ Prolific fruiter (Fruits HIGH in antioxidants)
~ Animal dispersed seeds that need scarification to germinate

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4
Q

Muscadine Grape (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Wildlife food - late summer/early winter for birds and mammals (eat fruit)
~ Deer, bear, turkey, grouse, raccoon, opossum, gray squirrel, skunk
~ Gray squirrel prefer to nest in trees supporting grapevines
~ Low to moderate browse for deer

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5
Q

Alabama Supplejack (Scientific name)

A

Berchemia scandens

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6
Q

Alabama Supplejack (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native, twining woody vine
~ Alternate leaves with pointed tips
~ Shiny green above and whitish below and parallel veins

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7
Q

Alabama SuppleJack (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (April thru May)
~ Fruits ripen (August thru November)
~ Fruits have a white wax glaze over dark blue

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8
Q

Alabama Supplejack (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Fruits eaten by turkey, quail, raccoon, and gray squirrel

~ High preference deer forage

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9
Q

Summer Grape (Scientific name)

A

Vitis aestivalis

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10
Q

Summer Grape (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ High climbing and arbor forming native vine
~ Stem is reddish-brown hairy
~ Alternate leaves with hairless to short hairy above and densely to sparsely rusty hairy and bluish green beneath

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11
Q

Summer Grape (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Fruits present (August thru October)
~ Green to black and white waxy glaze
~ Animal dispersed seeds that need scarification to germinate

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12
Q

Summer Grape (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Fruits important for bear, deer, turkey, ruffed grouse, raccoon, opossum, squirrel, and striped skunk
~ Numerous songbirds consume the fruit

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13
Q

Silky Dogwood (Scientific name)

A

Cornus amomum

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14
Q

Silky Dogwood (Physical Characteristics)

A

~Native
~ Opposite branching, simple leaves
~ White fibers present in leaf when torn
~ Veins curvilinear on leaves

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15
Q

Silky Dogwood (Habitat)

A

~ Commonly found for slope stabilization in wetlands

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16
Q

Silky Dogwood (Flowers and Fruits)

A 
Flowers bloom (June)
Fruits ripen (late summer commonly in September; bluish black)
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17
Q

Silky Dogwood (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Berries consumed by small mammals/birds
~ Important nectar source for the silver spotted skipper
~ Leaves hoard calcium

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18
Q

Eastern Redcedar (Scientific name)

A

Juniperus virginiana

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19
Q

Eastern Redcedar (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native
~ Evergreen, common along fence rows because of birds, aromatic
~ Leaves overlap
~ Dioecous - fruits only on females
~ Host for fusiform rust (fungus attacks pines)

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20
Q

Eastern Redcedar (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Fall and Winter food

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21
Q

Eastern Redcedar (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Fall/Winter food
~ Birds eat fruit
~ Cedar waxwing closely associated
~ Important thermal cover for birds and small mammals in winter
~ Low quality browse, found in deer diet in overpopulated herd especially during winter

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22
Q

Common Ragweed (Scientific name)

A

Ambrosia artemisiifolia

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23
Q

Common Ragweed (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native, very common
~ Dissected, opposite leaves (Fern-like)
~ Responsible for 90% of allergies in US

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24
Q

Common Ragweed (Habitat and Extra Info)

A

~ Found on forest edges, roadsides, and old fields

~ Promoted by soil disturbance and fire

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25
Q

Common Ragweed (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (late summer thru fall)
~ Seed is a beaked nutlet available during fall thru December, seed dispersed by wildlife
~ Seed can persist in soil for decades awaiting disturbance

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26
Q

Common Ragweed (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ UNBELIEVABLE WILDLIFE VALUE!!!
~ Second to none for quail cover
~ Seed also consumed by quail, dove, and other birds
~ 30% crude protein in spring/summer (important deer forage species)
~ 80% digestible

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27
Q

Blackberry (Scientific name)

A

Rubus spp.

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28
Q

Blackberry (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native, perennial semiwoody
~ Compound Leaf - leaflets in 3s or 5s
~ Highly ridged equipped with thorns (mechanical defense)

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29
Q

Blackberry (Habitat and Extra Info)

A

~ Well drained sites

~ Responds well to fire

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30
Q

Blackberry (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (March thru May)
~ Fruits in spring thru late summer depending on species, peaks in June in most species
~ Staggered fruit ripening
~ Fruits are aggregates of druplets

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31
Q

Blackberry (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Countless species consume berries, may be most important genus in the south
~ Excellent deer browse, ~20% Crude Protein (Power 6)
~ Patches of brambles are fantastic cover for many species of birds and small mammals

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32
Q

Giant Ragweed (Scientific name)

A

Ambrosia trifida

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33
Q

Giant Ragweed (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native
~ Opposite leaves, palmately 3-5 lobed
~ Can grow >6ft

34
Q

Giant Ragweed (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ LESS WILDLIFE VALUE AS COMMON RAGWEED
~ Poor deer browse
~ Seeds are intermittently used by birds
~ Good cover for bobwhites, especially in old fields and native grasslands

35
Q

Beggar’s Lice (Scientific name)

A

Desmodium spp.

36
Q

Beggar’s Lice (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ 3 leaflets
~ Stipules on the opposite leaves and axis of leaflets
~ Most species have sticky velvet-like hairs on seeds and leaves that cling to animals for dispersal

37
Q

Beggar’s Lice (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Quail food (seeds)
~ Other birds also eat the seeds
~ Important flowers for butterflies
~ Excellent deer browse with HIGH CP of ~25% (Power 6)
~ Only plant that maintains high crude protein in drought (16% CP)

38
Q

Dogfennel (Scientific name)

A

Eupatorium capillifolium

39
Q

Dogfennel (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native
~ Perennial herbaceous plant
~ Foliage has a scent similar to dill

40
Q

Dogfennel (Habitat and Extra Info)

A

~ Roadsides and soil disturbed areas like logging decks

~ Responds to fires

41
Q

Dogfennel (Wildlife Value and Use)

A

~ Pollinated by insects
~ Consumed by wasps
~ Valuable structure component in old fields and grasslands

42
Q

Japanese Honeysuckle (Scientific name)

A

Lonicera japonica

43
Q

Japanese Honeysuckle (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Non-native and Invasive twining shrub
~ Pubescent, opposite leaves, can be lobed, Persist thru winter (semi-evergreen)
~ 2 prong fancy flowers
~ Will outcompete native coral honeysuckle

44
Q

Japanese Honeysuckle (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (April thru June)

~ Fruits in (August thru March)

45
Q

Japanese Honeysuckle (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Important for hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, deer during winter
~ Birds spread seeds
~ Fruit and veg readily consumed by turkey, quail, and songbirds

46
Q

Goldenrod (Scientific name)

A

Solidago spp.

47
Q

Goldenrod (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native, numerous species
~ May grow 4ft tall
~ Contains many tiny flowers

48
Q

Goldenrod (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers in spike, clusters, or droopy spires
~ Flowers in late summer and fall
~ Important allergen for many people

49
Q

Goldenrod (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Flowers attractive to bees and butterflies
~ Songbirds eat seeds in fall especially American goldfinch
~ Good cover plant for turkey, poults, and quail
~ Moderately browsed by deer
~ Important structure for cover in old-fields and prairie grasslands

50
Q

Boxelder (Scientific name)

A

Acer negundo

51
Q

Boxelder (Physical Characteristics)

A 
~ Tree
~ Opposite Leaf and branching
~ Compound leaflets 3s or 5s
~ Often confused with Poison Ivy
~ Green Stems
52
Q

Boxelder (Habitat and Extra Info)

A

~ Riparian zones and produce wind-dispersed
samaras
~ Native Americans used sap as syrup

53
Q

Boxelder (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Seeds utilized by some species of songbirds

54
Q

Persimmon (Scientific name)

A

Diospyros virginiana

55
Q

Persimmon (Physical Characteristics)

A

~Smooth, tear drop leaves
~ Pointed leaves w/ white underside
~ Heavily black veined underside with winter leaf
~ Commonly has black spots on leaves
~ Small vascular bundles
~ Scally bark on larger trees with orange in furrows

56
Q

Persimmon (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Flowers bloom (spring/summer)
~ Fruits in fall peaking in late September thru early October
~ Small dark triangular terminal buds

57
Q

Persimmon (Extra Info)

A

~ Used to make golf clubheads

58
Q

Persimmon (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Soft mast used extensively by wildlife
~ Deer love ‘em
~ Unripe fruit is astringent to discourage consumption until seed viable
~ Seed must be scarified in digestive tract

59
Q

Poison Ivy (Scientific name)

A

Toxicodendron radicans

60
Q

Poison Ivy (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Deciduous vine alternate branching
~ Compound leaf - 3 leaflets
~ Oil (Urushiol) is the allergen not pollen

61
Q

Poison Ivy (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Fruits consumed by 80 bird species including Woodpeckers, Northern Flicker and Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
~ Very important energy source for overwintering birds
~ Good browse for herbivores especially deer and swamp rabbit

62
Q

Eastern Redbud (Scientific name)

A

Cercis canadensis

63
Q

Eastern Redbud (Physical Characteristics)

A 
~ Deciduous
~ Smooth heart shaped simple leaves
~ Tree
~ Grows in basic soils
~ Nitrogen fixer
64
Q

Eastern Redbud (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Purple flowers bloom in early April

~ Fruit is a peapod legume

65
Q

Eastern Redbud (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Not the best species
~ Deer occasionally browse
~ Quail and songbirds eat seeds

66
Q

Sassafras (Scientific name)

A

Sassafras albidum

67
Q

Sassafras (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Smooth leaves, smells like fruit loops
~ Tri-, Single-, or mitten-lobed
~ Leaves smells like fruit loops when crushed
~ Whorled appearance

68
Q

Sassafras (Extra Info)

A

~ Medicinal use: safrole oil banned by FDA for use - roots may be carcinogenic
~ Spicebush swallowtail and spicebush silkmoth closely associated

69
Q

Greenbriar (Scientific name)

A

Smilax spp.

70
Q

Greenbriar (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Climbing vine
~ Alternate leaves
~ Mechanical defenses (spines) and contains a rhizome roots to with stand intense herbivory

71
Q

Greenbriar (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Fruit important to Wildlife

~ Fruit ripens (September thru October and persists into late winter)

72
Q

Greenbriar (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Heavily browsed by deer (Power 6) and lagomorphs
~ Late winter food source for birds
~ HIGH nutrition and digestible crude protein for herbivores (~25% CP)
~ Over 40 species of birds known to eat the fruit

73
Q

Peppervine (Scientific name)

A

Ampelopsis arborea

74
Q

Peppervine (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ High climbing woody vine
~ Pinnately compound leaves
~ Looks somewhat similar to trumpet creeper

75
Q

Peppervine (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Fruit ripens (September thru December)

~ Fruit tastes peppery

76
Q

Peppervine (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Poor deer forage

~ Fruits eaten extensively by raccoons

77
Q

Virginia Creeper (Scientific name)

A

Parthenocissus quinquefolia

78
Q

Virginia Creeper (Physical Characteristics)

A

~ Native
~ Vine, climbing stems
~ Whorled, broadly serrated compound leaves
~ May cause dermatitis in humans

79
Q

Virginia Creeper (Flowers and Fruits)

A

~ Fruits important for migrating birds in late October thru February
~ Drupe fruits and animal dispersed seeds

80
Q

Virginia Creeper (Wildlife Value/Use)

A

~ Carolina chickadee, northern mockingbird, gray catbird, tree swallow, american robin, and numerous woodpeckers and thrushes
~ Gray squirrel
~ Low to moderate deer browse

Wildlife Plant ID - Lab 1 (12 decks)

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