Lab 1 Flashcards
Blood is a unique type of _________ ______
connective tissue
Blood cells are supported in a _____ matrix of _____ ______
fluid matrix of blood plasma
Blood plasma makes up approx. __% of the blood volume and is mostly _____
- 55%
- water
Blood plasma is made of/contains
- water
- electrolytes (Na+, Cl-)
- plasma proteins (albumin, globulins)
- nitrogenous waste products (urea, creatinine)
- nutrients (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids)
- gases (CO2, O2)
- hormones
what percent of blood do formed elements make up?
45%
Formed Elements
erythrocytes (45%) - carry oxy/carbon di throughout body
leukocytes (<1%) - protects body from infections/disease
platelets (<1%) - responsible for blood clotting
Hematology
the study of blood
Hematocrit
RBC Volume
Hematocrit/Packed Cell Volume
measures the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
How is the hematocrit determined?
by centrifuging a sample of blood and comparing the volume of the packed cells with the volume of plasma
the numerical value of the hematocrit is the
percentage of erythrocytes that makes up the total blood volume
Hematocrit is closely related to
the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood
Hemocytometer
a hemocytometer is a tool used to count cells in a liquid (like blood) by placing a drop on a special grid and counting the cells in the squares
Living at high altitudes will result in (in regards to blood)
in a higher than normal RBC count because at higher altitudes you have lower oxygen levels. To get more oxygen, body makes more RBCs. This helps carry more oxygen in the blood, making up for the lower amount of oxygen in the air.
Anemia
defined as a condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced due to a deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood
what can cause Anemia
- low RBC count
- smaller than usual RBCs
- low hemoglobin content
- dietary deficiencies of iron, folate, or vitamin B12
Polycythemia
a condition characterized by higher than normal RBC counts
what can cause Polycythemia
- living at higher altitudes
- chronic lung disorders
- congenital heart defects
- red marrow malignancy
Antigens
special combination of specialized molecules on the surface of cells that help our bodies determine whether the cell they are attached to either belongs to the body or is foreign
antigens generate an immuno response when they are bound by any antibody
Antibodies
produced by the immune sys to bind foreign antigens
each antibody can only bind to one specific antibody and they do not normally bind our own antigens
What happens when an antibody binds to an antigen?
the binding of an antibody to an antigen generates an immune reaction that leads to the removal or destruction of the foreign material, sometimes through a process called agglutination
Agglutination
when the reacted antigens and antibodies clump together, typically precedes the destruction of the foreign material
observed for during blood typing
Transfusion Reaction
when the blood destroys the transfused blood
AB blood has ____ antibodies
NO antibodies
A blood has ____ antibodies
anti-B antibodies
B blood has ____ antibodies
anti-A antibodies
O blood has ____ antibodies
both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
Rh+ carries ___ antigens/ ____ antibodies
antigen D, no antibodies
Rh- carries ___ antigens/ ____ antibodies
does not carry antigen D and has no antibodies
Erythroblastosis fetalis
also know as hemolytic disease of the newborn
is a group of blood disorders resulting from blood type incompatibility between a mother and a fetus
most common form occurs when an Rh- mother carries an Rh+ fetus
Why is Erythroblastosis Fetalis a problem
