Lab 1 Flashcards
Mid Saggital Plane
The centre of your body dividing it in half
Saggital Plane
The vertical plane dividing the body in half
Frontal or Coronal Plane
Dividing the body between from and back
Transverse Plane
Divides body into top and bottom
Sagittal Axis
Movement takes place on the frontal plane, and horizontal through body anterior to posterior
Frontal Axis
Movement takes place on the sagittal plane: one lateral surface to the other
Vertical Axis
Movement takes place on the transverse plane; inferiorly to the body
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Away from the head
Anterior
Toward the front of the body
Posterior
To the back of the body
Medial
To the midline of the body
Lateral
Towards the side of the body
Internal (deep)
Away from the surface of the body
External
Toward the surface of the body
Proximal
Used for limbs only, toward the main mass of the body
Distal
Limbs only, away from main mass of the body
Visceral
Related to internal organs
Parietal
Related to body walls
Contra-lateral
Opposite side
Ipsi-lateral
Same side
Abduction
Movement away from midline
Adduction
Adding to the midline
Dorsiflextion
Toe toward the shin
Plantarflexion
Pointing the toe
Lateral Flexion
For the trunk or neck
Flextion of the thumb
Occurs on frontal plane
Hyperextension
Refers to movement beyond a normal range of motion
Medial Rotation
Towards mid-line, inward
Lateral Rotation
Away from the midline, outward rotation
Supination
Rotation of the forearm: holding a bowl of soup
Pronation
Rotation of the forearm, palm facing posteriorly
Opposition
Thumb and any finger, pulp of finger can be approximated
Inversion
sold of foot turning inwards (medial rotation and adduction)
Eversion
Lateral rotation and abduction of the foot (turns outwards)
Circumduction
Combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
Elevation
Movement upwards
Depression
Movement downwards
Protraction
Movement of the body part forward
Retraction
Movement of the body part backwards
Axial Skeleton
Skull, vertebrae, hyoid bone, and thoracic cage (ribs and sternum)
Appendicular Skeleton
Pectoral girdle, upper limb bones, pelvic girdle, and lower limb bones
Long Bones
Clavicle, humerus
Short Bones
Carples and tarsles
Flat Bones
Sternum
Irregular
Bones in skull and face
Sesamoid
Patella
Diaphysis
Tubular shaft of a long bone
Epiphysis
End portion of a long bone, separate ossification centre
Tuberosity
Rough projection
Tubercle
Small rounded eminence
Trochanter
Large, prominent, eminence or rounding
Process
A bony prominence
Articular Surface
A joint surface
Facet
A small articular surface
Condyle
Rounded articular surface
Epicondyle
Non articular projection next to a condyle
Head
A large rounded edge of a bone
Neck
Between the head and diaphysis, usually separated into surgical and anatomical necks
Fossa
A shallow depression
Foramen
A round hole
Fissure
A hole, shaped more like a crack or cleft
Sulcus
A long, narrow groove
Synathrosis
No relative motion between the bones
Amphiarthrosis
Joint allows slight motion
Diarthrosis
Joint which allows large relative motion
What does Fibrous mean
Thick band of connective tissue
What does Synovial mean?
A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae
What does Cartilageous mean?
Made of Cartilage
Types of Synovial Joints
- Hinge: elbow
- Pivotal: proximal radial artery
- Condyloid: radio-carpal articulation
- Plane: carpal-carpal articulation
- Saddle: first metacarpal articulation
- Ball and socket: shoulder joint
Types of Cartilageous Joints
Synchondrosis: connected by a plate of highland cartilage
Symphysis: connected by a pad of fibrocartilage with limited movement
Types of Fibrous Joints
Suture: dense layer of fibrous tissue, found in the skull
Syndesmosis: connected by collagenous interosseous ligaments
Gomphosis: teeth and the bones of the face. The tooth root is connected to the socked by periodontal ligaments
