Lab 1 Flashcards
Step 1: Ask a Question
What is an indepent variable?
The essential componenet of the phenomenon that is manipulated by the investigator
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What is a dependent variable?
The response to the manipulation.
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What is the observed variable?
The variable we are interested in studying to see whether it has an effect on the dependent variable, however the observed variable cannot be experimentally manipulated.
It involves mutually exclusize groupings that can be identified by name and may or may not have an order.
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What is the comparator?
A group or condition that provides a point of comparison so the research knows if the independent/observed variable influenced the dependent variable.
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What is an experimental study?
In an experimental study, the comparator will typically be a baseline condition, a control group, or a control condition.
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a descriptive study?
Descriptive studies involve collecting infromation without any manipulation of the subjects.
- there is no indp variable
What are the 7 steps of the scientific method?
- Ask a question
- Perform background research
- Construct a hypothesis
- Test the hypothesis
- Analyze the data and draw a conclusion
- Reflect on the results
- Communicate the results
Step 3: Construct a hypothesis
What is a hypothesis?
What are the different types?
The hypothesis is the predicted result of the experiment and expected answer to the research question.
- Directional hypothesis: proposes the dependent variable will incr or decr when the indp variable is changed.
- Non-direction hypothesis: proposes the 2 variables are related
Step 3: Construct a hypothesis
What are the 4 components of a well-constructed hypothesis?
- Indp variable being manipulated
- Depd variable being measured
- Comparartor group/condition
- Population being studied, including key subject characteristics
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is an experimental study?
An intervention of treatment is intentionally introduced and a result or outcome is observed.
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a case study?
Descriptive
1-2 instances of an observed phenomenon
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a cross-sectional study?
Descriptive
A random subset of a population is sampled to observe the occurrence of a phenomenon
Ex: samping incoming CU freshman to determine what percentage are smokers
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a longitudinal study?
Descriptive
A group of subjects is followed over time to observe how a variable changes
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a retrospective study?
Descriptive
A search is made for a relationship between a current phenomenon and another that occured in the past to examine whether exposure to a suspected risk or protective factor led to an outcome
Step 4: Test the hypothesis
What is a randomized, controlled study?
Experimental
Subjects are randomly assigned to either an experimental OR control group