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MLS 234 > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Type of specimen for parasite detection and diagnosis

A

Fecal/ Stool

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2
Q

List Diagnosis test (7)

A 
O&P 
sigmoidoscopy
tissue biopsy
Entero-test capsule
Duodenal aspirate
Concentration techniques
Radiology studies
Serological test (Ab)
Immunological test (serum Ab or fecal Ag)
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3
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Trichuris trichiura

A

Helminths

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4
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Helminths

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5
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Nectar americanus

A

Helminths

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6
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Ancylostoma duodenale

A

Helminths

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7
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Helminths

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8
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Taenia

A

Helminths

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9
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Helminths

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10
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Hymenolepis nana

A

Helminths

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11
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Schistosoma japonicum

A

Helminths

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12
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Schistosoma mansomi

A

Helminths

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13
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Fasciolopsis buski

A

Helminths

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14
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Heterophyes westermani

A

Helminths

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15
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Metagonimus yokogawai

A

Helminths

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16
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Paragonimus westermani

A

Helminths

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17
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Clonorchis sinensis

A

Helminths

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18
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Protozoa

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19
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Giardia lamblia

A

Protozoa

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20
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Dientamoeba fragilis

A

Protozoa

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21
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Balantidium coli

A

Protozoa

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22
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Protozoa

23
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

C. hominis

A

Protozoa

24
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Cystoisospora belli

A

Protozoa

25
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Microsporidia

A

Protozoa

26
Q

Helminths or Protozoa?

Cyclospora cayetanesis

A

Protozoa

27
Q

Types of fresh stool

A

Liquid
Soft
Formed

28
Q

Liquid specimens collection and motility

A

examine within 30 mins of collection

Trophozoite motility only in fresh seen within 1 hr

29
Q

Soft specimen collection

A

examine within 1 hour of collection or place in preservative

30
Q

Formed specimen collection

A

examine within 1 day or place in preservative

31
Q

Preserved specimen

A

recommended if time constraints, send out to public health labs

32
Q

What is in a stool collection kit

A 
Empty vial
10% formalin
MIF
SAF
PVA
PVA sub (universal fixative - Total fix), (Ecofix), (Protofix), (Parasafe)
Schaudin
Tac holding medium
33
Q

What is MIF

A

Merthiolate- Iodine- Formalin

34
Q

What is PVA

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (contains Hg)

35
Q

What is SAF

A

Sodium- Acetate- Formalin

36
Q

Ideal stool collection process

A

3 specimens collected every other day or within 10 days

reality: one specimen

37
Q

O & P testing for a fresh specimen

A

Macroscopic check

3 microscopic tests: direct wet prep, concentration, permanent stain

38
Q

O&P testing for a fixed specimen

A

Macroscopic check

2 microscopic test: concentration and permanent stain

39
Q

Microscopic: Direct wet test

A

only if specimen is fresh, must be done within 30 mins of collection to see trophozoite motility

40
Q

Microscopic: concentration procedures:

A

Flotation: zinc sulfate
Sedimentation: Formalin-ethyl- acetate

41
Q

Microscopic: Permanent stained smear

A

Mandatory to complete exam

Trichrome stain or Inron hematoxylin stain

42
Q

Concentration Procedures: Flotation (Zinc Sulfate)

A

“clean material”
may lose helminth eggs
high specific gravity kills some trophozoites
surface film must be removed and examine immediately

43
Q

Concentration Procedures: Sedimentation (FEA)

A

Material has more debris
all organisms are covered in debris
General lab test

44
Q

Flotation ZInc Sulfate Method

A
  1. Specimen should be formalin fixed
  2. strain 8ml of stool through wet gauze into conical centrifuge tube
  3. add .85% NaCl, centrifuge, decant and add Zinc Sulfate (1.20 SG- fixed, 1.18 SG- fresh)
  4. Put on coverslip or use loop to obtain surface film
  5. Examine smear on 10x then 40x
45
Q

Sedimentation- FEA method

A
  1. funnel gauze or filtration
  2. O&P in stool pass through the filter
  3. Add formalin, ethyl acetate, mix, strain, and centrifuge
  4. Remove supernatant and examine sediment
  5. Examine smear on 10x then 40x
46
Q

Reasons for each Permanent Stain

both types

A

Iron Hematoxylin

  • great stain hard procedure
  • lengthy method

Trichrome

  • easy procedure
  • reproducible results
  • general lab use
47
Q

How to examine a Permanent stained smear

A

Examine slide on 100x for 10-15mins or until 200 fields have been examined

48
Q

Reporting results rules

A

Any parasite stages reported by scientific name, both genus & species, stage (egg, ova, larvae, oocyst, trophozoite)

49
Q

On permanent stain what can be identified

A

Trophozoites and cysts, tissue cells, blood cell, and yeast

50
Q

What is more identifiable with the FEA Concentration test

A

Helminths eggs and larvae work best FEA,

staining

50
Q

What is more identifiable with the FEA Concentration test

A

Helminths eggs and larvae work best FEA,

otherwise they retain too much stain making it harder to properly ID

51
Q

What elements may be reported semiquantitatively

A

Trichuris trichiura
Trematodes
Blasocystis hominis

52
Q

How to clean up

A

50% bleach solution (10% is used for blood or BF)
Phenolic compounds
50/50 solution of xylene and 70% alcohol

MLS 234 (2 decks)

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