lab 1 Flashcards
What amino acid does every protein begin with
Methionine
a sulfur-containing amino acid that is a constituent of most proteins. is specified by a codon AUG, which is also knows as the start codon. Methionine is the first amino acid to dock in the ribosome during the synthesis of protein.
methionine
Translate DNA to mRNA and mRNA to protein
DNA to mRNA is: A-T, C-G
mRNA to A-U, C-G
the T changes to mRna
The general role of DNA polymerase is
reconnects DNA during replication
The general rule for DNA helicase is that
it separate DNA during replication
RNA polymerase separate DNA during transcription
separate DNA during transcription
Mutagen
an agent which causes genetic mutation. Example x-ray, radioactive
that lack the ability to replicate away from their host cell.
obligate intracellular parasites
A parasite that causes disease is called a
pathogen
anything that stimulate the immune system
antigens,
a diagnostic procedure to detect the presence of the pathogen
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA)
Some people are_of disease
carriers
_may not cause its host any immediate discomfort, with no or only mild symptoms.
Pathogen
The rapid spread of a life threatening disease agent is known as an
epidemic
Epidemics that spread from continent to continent are referred to as a
pandemic, like AIDS
The study of disease at the population level is known as
epidemiology
Both bacteria and archaea are
prokaryotes.
Bacteria have the following characteristics:
No membrane-bound organelles
Single circular strand of DNA with no associated histone proteins
Most bacteria have a rigid cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (carbohydrate matrix linked with polypeptide units)
Archaea have the following characteristics:
No membrane-bound organelles
Single circular strand of DNA with associated histone proteins
Cell membrane contains isoprene chains
What Ph indicator was during the epidemic simulation
Phenolphthalein
Recognize and identify the slide of spirogyra and amoeba
Spirogyra: green algae, green in color, chloroplast, cell membrane, protist, looks like sugar cane.
Amoeba: Protist, pink, purple, nucleus, looks like snail
Recognize and identify the slide of candida ablicans, blue mold and Aspergillus
Aspergillus: Looks like a sperm with flagella, has tail and head.
Blue mold: blue in color
Candida ablicans: looks pink, dark midle and spread wide lightly
Recognize and identify slides of root and stem
root tip: yellow
typical dicot root: Look like star fish, compact middle, xylem, phloem in middle
Pine stem: xylem, phloem outside the middle
What is the role of stomata?
regulate gas exchange between plant and environment.
control of water loss by changing size of the stomatal pores
Recognize stomata
round with a nucleus that looks like eye, has green pigment in the circle and looks like vagina
the main differences between monocot and dicots
Monocot: one cotyledon, fibrous, parallel, scattered, flowering plant in multiples of 3, one furrow, wheat, corn
Dicot: 2 cotyledons, in multiple of 4 to 5, taproot, three furrow, netlike, sunflower, apple trees, in a ring.
compare and contrast embryo, root, stem, flower, leave
Monocot root: vascular bundle in ring forms
monocot stem: scattered vascular bundle
monocot leaves: parallel leaf vein together with long axis.
monocot flower:3 flower part or multiple of 3
compare and contrast embryo, root, stem, flower, leave
dicot root: xylem in the center, x shape
dicot stem: vascular bundle in ring form
dicot leaves: have anastomose vein network from mid-vein
Dicot flower: 4 or 5 flower part
Which of the following feeding strategies is most likely to be used by aquatic organisms?
filter feeding
Which of the following statements describes how healthy corals appear brightly colored
they host symbionts with colorful photosynthetic pigments
If you brush your fingers along the tentacles of a sea anemone, which of the following are you most likely to find upon microscopic examination of your fingers?
nematocysts
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by most hydrozoans?
both polyps and medusa forms
Against which of the following do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?
hydrostatic skeleton
Which of the following statements best explains how planarians can survive and thrive without respiratory or circulatory systems?
none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment
You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Which of the following characteristics would allow you to make this distinction?
poisonous claws
Which of the following characteristics do all insects exhibit?
they have an exoskeleton or cuticle
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a hemocoel, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
) Nematoda
As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?
it has five or more appendages.
Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by the water vascular system of echinoderms?
it functions in locomotion and feeding
Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description
Echinodermata–bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system
Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?
Echinodermata
Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?
Arthropoda
Most bilaterians have
all of the above
Some species of ___________ reproduce via parthenogenesis, where females produce female offspring from unfertilized eggs
Rotifer
Snails, slugs, oysters, clams, octopuses and squids are apart of the phylum _____________.
Molluscs
Which Ecdysoza group lives primarily in aquatic habitats or on plants or animals and can survive for days in extremely low temperatures (-200°C). These organisms have even been shown to survive in the vacuum of space!
Tardigarda
Chelicerates are named for claw-like feeding appendages called chelicerae. Most marine chelicerates are extinct except
A and B
Which order of winged insects has the most species?
Coleoptera
If the G was change for an A what type of mutation would take place
(TAG -TAA) point mutation(silent)
If A was deleted what type of mutation would take place
CTA-CT dilation
what would be the effect of the overall protein?
frame shift mutation
a protein made by plasma cell in repose to an antigen
antibodies
when the stomata are open
give off water vapor
absorbing carbon dioxide
giving oxygen off
when the stomata are back
if they are just a line
they open
they close
when did Echinoderms first appeared fossil record
cambium explosion(more than 540 millions years ago)
in what phylum do star fish belong
echinoderm
name two classes of echinoderms and a member of each
Eletherozoa: starfish(mobile)
Plamatozoa:feather stars(immobile)
