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AUBF FINALS > LAB 01 - SEMEN ANALYSIS > Flashcards

LAB 01 - SEMEN ANALYSIS Flashcards

1
Q

secretion of sperm

A

Testes (seminiferous tubules

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2
Q

sperm maturation and development of flagella; stores sperms

A

Epididymis

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3
Q

transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct

A

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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4
Q

transport medium for the sperm; rich in fructose and flavin.

A

Seminal vesicle

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5
Q

propels the sperm through the urethra; contains acid phosphatase, citric acid, zinc, and proteolytic enzymes responsible for both the coagulation and liquefaction of the semen

A

Prostate gland

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6
Q

secretes alkaline mucus.

A

Bulbourethral glands

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7
Q

COMPOSITION OF SEMEN
5% WHAT, DUHA TO SILA!

A

Spermatozoa AND Bulbourethral fluid

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8
Q

COMPOSITION OF SEMEN
__% Seminal Fluid

A

60-70%

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9
Q

COMPOSITION OF SEMEN
__% Prostate Fluid

A
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10
Q

COMPOSITION OF SEMEN
thick alkaline mucus

A

Bulbourethral fluid

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11
Q

PURPOSE
GIVE ME THOSE 3 UNDER THIS

A
  1. Evaluation of reproductive dysfunction in males— infertility testing
  2. Select donors for therapeutic insemination
  3. Monitor success of surgical procedures:
    varicocelectomy
    Vasectomy
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12
Q

SAMPLE COLLECTION
PREPARATION:

A
  1. Abstinence: 2-7 days (Note: No prolonged abstinence)
  2. Sterile glass or plastic container
    * Collected in a private room near the laboratory Give a clear written and verbal instructions concerning the collection of semen
    * Deliver to the laboratory within 1 hour after collection
    * Record the patient’s name, the period of sexual abstinence, and the date and time of specimen collection
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13
Q

METHODS OF COLLECTION
GIVE ME THOSE 4 UNDER THIS

A
  1. Masturbation
  2. Coitus interruptus (only in exceptional cases)
  3. Silastic seminal fluid collection device
  4. Aspiration from the vaginal vault after coitus
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14
Q

APPEARANCE:COLOR
NORMAL : ?

A

Gray-white, “Pearly-white”, Light Yellow; Opaque

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15
Q

APPEARANCE:COLOR
Shades of yellow : __

A

Correlate with flavin concentration

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16
Q

APPEARANCE:COLOR
__ : Associated with certain drugs, over abstinence, jaundice, urine contamination

A

Deep yellow

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17
Q

APPEARANCE:COLOR
Brown or red: ?

A

Presence of red blood cells

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18
Q

APPEARANCE:COLOR
__ : Presence of white blood cells and infection within the reproductive tract

A

Increased white turbidity

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19
Q

After ejaculation, semen is typically a semi-solid coagulated mass as protection from the acidic vaginal pH. Liquefies within ___ after collection (Normal)

A

30 to 60 minutes

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20
Q

Failure of liquefaction within 60 minutes -

A

eficiency in prostatic enzymes and should be reported.

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21
Q

If after 2 hours the specimen has not liquified:

A
  1. Dulbecco’s phosphate -buffered saline
  2. Proteolytic enzymes such as alpha - chymotrypsin or bromelain
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22
Q

Normal volume: __

A

2-5 mL

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23
Q

High volume MEANS

A

-active exudation in cases of active inflammation of the accessory organs -extended abstinence

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24
Q

LOW VOLUME MEANS

A

-obstruction of the ejaculatory duct, congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, collection problems (loss of fraction of the ejaculate), partial retrograde ejaculation or androgen deficiency

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25
Q

Normal viscosity:

A

formation of small discrete droplets that do not appear like a clump or stringy when falling by gravity

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26
Q

Abnormal viscosity: __

A

drop from a thread more than 2 cm long (viscous)

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27
Q

pH paper with a range of ___ should be used

A

4.0 to 10.0

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28
Q

Normal pH: ___

A

7.2 – 7.8

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29
Q

Increased pH:

A

infection

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30
Q

Decreased pH:

A

increased prostatic fluid, ejaculatory duct obstruction, poorly developed seminal vesicle

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31
Q

SPERM MOTILITY
assessed by checking sperm cells in __ HPFs or 200 sperms in 2 replicates

A

20

32
Q

The lower reference limit for total motility (PR+NP) is __

A

40%.

33
Q

The lower reference limit for progressive motility (PR) is

A

32%.

34
Q

SPERM MORPHOLOGY
GIVE ME THE 5 BASIC PARTS

A
  • HEAD- oval-shaped; approx. 5 um long and 3 um wide
  • TAIL- approx. 45 um long (with axoneme)
  • ACROSOMAL CAP- encompasses half of the head; cover 2/3 of sperm nucleus
  • MIDPIECE- 7 um long; mitochondrial sheath
  • MOTILITY: 1-4 mm/min; Life span: 1-2 days at body temp
35
Q

Normal values (count at least ___ sperm cells)

A

200

36
Q

Kruger’s Strict Criteria: >__% normal; measures head, neck and tail using a micrometer

A

14%

37
Q

Routine criteria: >__% normal

A

30%

38
Q

number of spermatozoa per unit volume of semen

A

Sperm concentration

39
Q

total number of spermatozoa in the entire ejaculate and is obtained by multiplying the sperm

A

Total sperm number/Sperm count

40
Q

Normal values: >__ million/ejaculate
Normal values:__ million sperm per milliliter

A

(1) 40
(2) 20-250

41
Q

Improved Neubauer Counting Chamber
- __:__ dilution

A

1:20

42
Q

Diluting fluids: GIVE ME THE 5 WITH PERCENT AND TULO DAPAT

A

cold water, formalin, Na bicarbonate, 0.5% chlorazene, 1% formalin in 3% trisodium citrate

43
Q

5 RBC squares - Computation:

A

sperm cells counted x 1,000,000 (mL)

44
Q

2 WBC - Computation:

A

sperm cells counted x 100,000 (mL)

45
Q

Addition of __ (crystal violet) to diluting fluid helps visualization using bright-field microscope.

A

stain

46
Q

> 1 million WBCs/mL - ___

A

inflammation or infection

47
Q

> 1 million spermatids/mL -

A

disruption of spermatogenesis caused by viral infections, exposure to toxic chemicals, and genetic disorders

48
Q

no ejaculate at all (anejaculation or retrograde ejaculation)

A

Aspermia

49
Q

less than 20 million per milliliter

A

Oligospermia

50
Q

immotile/dead sperms

A

Necrospermia

51
Q

complete absence of sperm

A

Azoospermia

52
Q

OTHER TSTS AND TECHNIQUES
NAME ME THE 3

A
  1. SPERM VITALITY
  2. SEMINAL FLUID FRUCTOSE
  3. ANTISPERM ANTIBODIES
53
Q
  • Motile spermatozoa sticking to each other, head-to-head, tail-to-tail or in a mixed way.
  • Motility is vigorous with frantic shaking motion or with limited motion
A

AGGLUTINATION OF SPERMATOZOA

54
Q

Grade ___ - isolated - <10 spermatozoa per agglutinate, many free spermatozoa

A

1

55
Q

Grade 2 - moderate - ___ spermatozoa per agglutinate, free spermatozoa

A

10-50

56
Q

Grade __ - gross - all spermatozoa agglutinated and agglutinates interconnected

A

4

57
Q

Grade __ - large - agglutinates of >50 spermatozoa, some spermatozoa still free

A

3

58
Q

-screening procedure to detect IgG antibodies

A

Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR test)

59
Q

Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR test)
Normal: < __% of motile sperm attached to particles

A

10

60
Q

more specific to detect IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies and demonstrates what area of sperm (head, neckpiece, midpiece, or tail) the autoantibodies are affecting.

A

Immunobead test

61
Q

Normal: presence of beads on <__% of the sperm

A

50

62
Q

> __ million WBCs/ mL indicates infection within reproductive system, prostate.

A

1

63
Q

CHEMICAL TESTING
Decreased neutral alpha-glucosidase, glycerophosphocholine and L-carnitine suggest a disorder of ___.

A

epididymis

64
Q

CHEMICAL TESTING
Decreased zinc, citric acid, glutamyl transpeptidase and acid phosphatase indicate lack of ____.

A

prostatic fluid

65
Q

SPECIAL CASES
In cases of alleged rape -microscopic examination of the specimen for the presence of sperm with __

A

xylene

66
Q

T OR F
SPECIAL CASES
Motile sperm- 3 days
Nonmotile sperm- detected for up to 24 hours after intercourse

A

F
Motile sperm- detected for up to 24 hours after intercourse
Nonmotile sperm- 3 days

67
Q

SPECIAL CASES
__ - more specific detection

A

Seminal glycoprotein p30

68
Q

POST VASECTOMY ANALYSIS
concerned only in presence or absence of __

A

spermatozoa

69
Q

T OR F
POST VASECTOMY ANALYSIS
Dry preparation using phase microscopy

A

F - WET

70
Q
  • Performed in specialized andrology laboratories
A

SPERM FUNCTION TEST

71
Q

SPERM ARE INCUBATED WITH SPECIES-NONSPECIFIC HAMSTER EGGS AND PENETRATION IS OBSERVED MICROSCOPICALLY

A

Hamster egg penetration assay

72
Q

OBSERVATION OR SPERM’S ABILITY TO PENETRATE PARTNER’S MIDCYCLE CERVICAL MUCUS

A

Cervical mucus penetration test

73
Q

EVALUATION OF THE ACROSOME TO PRODUCE ENZYMES ESSENTIAL FOR OVUM PENETRATION

A

In-vitro acrosome reaction

74
Q

SPERM EXPOSED TO LOW-SODIUM CONCENTRATIONS ARE EVALUATED TO MEMBRANE INTEGRITY AND SPERM VIABILITY

A

Hypo-osmotic swelling test

75
Q

BALIK PARA 75 TANAN

In cases of alleged rape -microscopic examination of the specimen for the presence of sperm with __

A

xylene

AUBF FINALS (2 decks)

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