lab 0 Flashcards
peer reviewed information
primary and secondary
what adaptations allowed plants to colonize land
1 Vascular tissue
2 roots
3 internal gametophytes
4 seed production
5 seed coats
Alternation of Generation
species alternate between haploid and diploid phase
Life cycle of fern
hermaphrodite. GAMETE
archegonia(eggs) and antheridia(sperm)
male only GAMETE
antheridia.
sperm released, fertilize egg, diploid zygot undergoes mitotic to form embryo, turns into sporophyte
processes that produce new species
allopatric speciation
sympatric speciation
4 mechanisms of evolution
mutation,geneflow, selection, genetic drift
how do selective pressures shape population
less fit or unsexy individuals die and dont reproduce -> genes not passed down
ecology
study of interaction of individuals and their environment
habitat
ecological environment where an organism lives
competition (INTRA VS INTER)
intraspecific competition: competition within population
interspecific competition: competition between 2 species
how much energy transfered between trophic level?
10%
characteristics of fungi
-made of chitin
-heterotroph
-absorb nutrients from environment using enzymes and stuff
-hyphae
lifecycle of fungi sexual
1meiosis to produce spores -> germinate to hyphae, 2 plasogamy: fusion of cytoplasm,
karyogamy: fusion of nuclei
meiosis
lifecycle of fungi asexual
spores produces, germinate boom and redo
ecological roles of fungi
decomposers, pathogens, most feed on organic matter( saphrocites) mycorrhizzae, lichen(symbiotic relationship)
2 types of mycorrhizae
ectomycorrhizae: surround root
arbuscular mycorrhizae: penetrate
importance of lichen
symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic cyanobacteria that fixes nitrogen and produces sugar in return for moisture and shelter
body plan of mollusca
protosome
bilateral
triploblastic
coelem
no segmentation
body plan of Cnideria
Radial symetry, diploblasitic, no body cavity, no segmentation
body plan platyhelminthes
bilateral, triploblastic, compact, no segmentation
Annelida body plan
bilateral, triploblastic, coelom, metameres segmentation
nematoda body plan
bilateral, triploblastic, hemocoel, no segmentation,
anthropoda body plan
blateral triploblastic coelem, tigmatization
differences protosomes and deutrosomes
protosomes: determinate, spiral, formation of mouth first
duetrosomes: inteterminate, radial, anus first
characteristics of echinoderms
5 fart radial symmetry (bilateral embryo)
-Calcarious endo skeleton
water vascular system modified for locomotion
characteristics of chordata
Notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
Post anal tail
advantages of radial and bisymmetric
radial: non motile, equal opportunity for each direction
bilateral: motile animals, detect prey in front(cephalization–>sensory anterior)
adaptation in vertebrates to lan d
much more complex vetebrae to support, highly modifies appendages
cursorial animal features
longer limbs, flexible spinal columns, digigrate stance(stand oin toes), claws hooves
fussorial
short tail, short but wide limbs, large claws, big ass forearms,
Aquatic
fins and stuff, surface area
Arboreal
long limbs, hands grasping, or adhesive pads, wrists or ankle joints
