LAAD Employment Flashcards
What are the LAAD Bn doctrinal radio nets?
- LAAD Bn Command Net (HF)
- LAAD Command Net (HF)
- LAAD Weapon Control Net (HF)
- LAAD Team Control Net (VHF)
Purpose of LAAD Bn doctrinal radio nets
It is the primary means of communications due to wide dispersion and mobility of LAAD units. Internal and external comm nets are used.
Site selection criteria
- Communications
- Integration with MACCS Agencies
- Integration with Supported Unit
- Mission Accomplishment - KOCOA
Lost Comm Procedures
- Attempt to relay through adjacent agency, section, or team
- Change location if tactical situation allows
- Send a Runner
- Attempt to use alternate frequency - Basic radio PM
Doctrinal Weapons Control Status if comms are lost
- Weapons Tight: remain in tight
- Weapons Hold: wait 30 mins and revert to tight
- Weapons Free: immediately revert to tight
Comm net monitored by Platoon Commander
LAAD Weapon Control Net/LAAD Command Net
What is the primary consideration when establishing a LAAD Platoon Command Post?
Communications
What is the most important consideration when establishing a LAAD Platoon Command Post?
Mission Accomplishment
What does KOCOA stand for?
- Key Terrain
- Observations and Fields of Fire
- Cover and Concealment
- Obstacles
- Avenues of Approach
What is BOWMED for?
Guidelines for LAAD Employment
What does BOWMED stand for?
- Balanced Fires
- Overlapping Fires
- Weighted Coverage
- Mutually Supporting
- Early Engagement
- Defense in Depth
Balanced Fires
Positioning LAAD units to permit approximately equal defensive fires in all directions.
Even more important when facing 360° threat.
Overlapping Fires
When individual AD units engagement zones overlap.
Reduces possibility of Enemy Aircraft slipping through MAGTF AD w/o being engaged by another AD unit
Weighted Coverage
Achieved by concentrating teams toward known enemy locations, unprotected unit boundaries, or likely avenues of approach.
Mutually Supporting
Positioning individual fires into dead zones that surround adjacent assets which enhances defensive survivability.
Early Engagement
Positioned far enough from the asset or unit being defended to permit the engagement of Enemy aircraft before ORL.
Defense in Depth
Positioning AD assets so enemy aircraft encounter ever-increasing volumes of fire by integrating all AD weapons to maximize defense in depth.
Employment Principles
Weapons Mass
Weapons Mix
Mobility
Integration
Weapons Mass
Achieved by concentrating GBAD and airborne air defense assets on and around a vital area IOT defend from air attack
Weapons Mix
Blends aircraft, GBAD, and small arms for balanced and complementary air defense system, complicating the enemy’s ability to attack.
Offsets limitations of one air defense system with the capabilities of another.
Mobility
Crucial. Must be highly mobile and rapidly deployable IOT provide continuous protection for maneuver elements and self-defense.
Integration
The close coordination of effort and unity of action that results from the efficient blending if individual air defense systems.
Conserves fires and eliminated unnecessary engagements of the same target by multiple assets.
General Support
Given to a supported force as a whole and not to any subdivision.
Direct Support
Given by one force to another requiring the supporting force to answer directly to the supported unit commander’s request for assistance.
Purpose of command relationships
IOT give commanders authority and asset to accomplish their assigned missions
Command relationships establish
- Authority, responsibility, and Chain of Command
- The degree of authority one commander has over another
How to prioritize the Defended Asset List
Vulnerability, Criticality, Recoverability, Threat
Vulnerability
The degree to which the asset is susceptible to an air attack
Criticality
Degree to which the asset is essential to mission accomplishment
What is the guideline for facing a 360 degree threat?
Balanced Fires
Guideline for orienting firepower toward an enemy
Weighted Coverage
The degree to which an asset is susceptible to an air attack
Vulnerability
The degree to which the asset is essential to mission accomplishment
Criticality
Reflects the degree an asset can recover from inflicted damage
Recoverability
Based on the probability of an asset being targeted for attack
Threat
Allocates sufficient air defense resources to defend priority MAGTF assets or areas adequately
Weapons Mass
Blends aircraft, GBAD, and small arms to achieve a balanced, complementary air defense system that complicates the enemy’s ability to attack
Weapons Mix
Crucial to Air Defense system and allows for continuous protection for maneuver elements in the battlespace
Mobility
Given to the supported force as a WHOLE and not to any subdivision
General Support
Given by one force to another requiring the supporting force to answer DIRECTLY to the supported unit commander’s request for assistance
Direct Support
Weapons Applications
- Point Defense
- Surveillance or Weapon Gap Filler
- Convoy Defense
- Defense of a Maneuver Element
- Base Defense Zone
Methods of defending a convoy
- Prepositioned
- Integrated
- Combination
Types of employment in defense of Maneuver Element
- Deploy behind the unit
- Deploy within the unit
Destruction area established around an air facility, site or a FOB to allow the launch and recovery of friendly aircraft while maintaining an air defense posture
BDZ
Requirements for BDZ
Radar, Weapon System, Controlling Agency
Air Defense Warning Conditions
VERBATIM
- Red: Attack by hostile aircraft is imminent or in progress
- Yellow: Attack by hostile aircraft is probable
- White: Attack by hostile aircraft is improbable
Weapons Control Status
VERBATIM
- Weapons Free: LAAD teams engage all aircraft NOT positively identified as friendly
- Weapons Tight: LAAD teams engage any aircraft POSITIVELY identified as hostile
- Weapons Hold: Do not fire or cease fire on aircraft currently engaged. Do not fire except in self-defense or in response to a formal fire control order
Weapons Free
Weapons Free: LAAD teams engage all aircraft NOT positively identified as friendly
Weapons Tight
LAAD teams engage any aircraft POSITIVELY identified as hostile
Weapons Hold
Do not fire or cease fire on aircraft currently engaged. Do not fire except in self-defense or in response to a formal fire control order.
Four States of Alert for Air Defense Units
- SOA A - Battle Stations
- SOA B - 5 Minutes
- SOA C - 1 Hour
- SOA D - 4 Hours
What is the time period of SOA B?
5 Minutes
What is the time period of SOA C?
1 Hour
What is the time period for SOA D?
4 Hours
What are the Identification Categories?
- Bogey
- Bandit
- Friendly
- Hostile
Bogey
A radar or visual contact whose identity is unknown
Bandit
A contact identified as enemy
Friendly
A contact positively ID as friendly
Hostile
A contact identified as enemy UPON WHICH engagement is authorized IAW theatre ROE
Definition of Manual Crosstell
System used for orienting the gunner’s attention to a general area for target detection
Components of Manual Crosstell
- Cartesian Coordinate Reference Point (CCRP)
- X,Y axes
- Increments
- Quadrants
Definition of CCRP
Cartesian Coordinate Reference Point
- Represents the point at which both the “X” and “Y” axes intersect
The ___ axis is the horizontal line.
X axis
The ___ axis is the vertical line.
Y axis
What are the distance increments on the CCRP?
Nautical Miles
What are the four quadrants formed by the axes intersecting the CCRP
WASHINGTON
MAINE
CALIFORNIA
FLORIDA
Which net is used for LAAD Team to communicate with LAAD Squad Leader
LAAD Team Control Net
Which net is used for LAAD battery to connect with firing platoons?
LAAD Command Net
Weapons Control Status if Lost Comms if in Weapons Tight
LAAD units will remain in weapons tight
Weapons Control Status if Lost Comms if in Weapons Hold
Wait 30 minutes, then revert to weapons tight
Weapons Control Status if Lost Comms if in Weapons Free
Immediately revert to weapons tight
Which site selection criteria for establishing a LAAD Platoon Command Post needs to be redundant and reliable and is the primary consideration?
Communications
Which site selection criteria for establishing a LAAD Platoon Command Post provides the best situational awareness?
Integration [co-locating with agencies]
Which site selection criteria for establishing a LAAD Platoon Command Post is the most important consideration?
Mission Accomplishment
Weapon Engagement Zones
- Fighter Engagement Zone (FEZ)
- Missile Engagement Zone (MEZ)
- Joint Engagement Zone (JEZ)
Two types of Air Defense
Active and Passive
Air defense measures including the use of aircraft, air defense weapons, electronic warfare, and other available weapons.
Active Air Defense
Air defense measures including deception, dispersion, and using protective construction and camouflage.
Passive Air Defense
Missile Engagement Zones
HIMEZ, LOMEZ, SHORADEZ, BDZ
Which Engagement Zone do we belong to as LAAD?
SHORADEZ
What Missile Engagement Zone is USMC-Specific?
Based Defense Zone (BDZ)
Theatre-wide plan to destroy air threats
Area Air Defense Plan
HF Frequencies
2-29.999MHz
VHF Frequencies
30-224.999MHz
UHF Frequencies
225-511.999MHz
What characteristics apply to high frequency [HF]?
Long-range
More resistant to jamming
requires long antenna
Key information only found in ACEOI
What characteristics apply to VHF frequency?
Less resistant to jamming, increase vocal fidelity, key info only found in ACEOI
What characteristics apply to UHF Frequency?
Less Resistant, increased vocal fidelity
What is an advantage of co-locating with agencies
knowledge of friendly aircraft
What billet in the TAOC will be a 7210 Lieutenant?
Weapons Director
What MACS Team will embed with GCE unit and communicate with MACS?
ASLT = Air Support Liaison Team
What are the 3 Reports specific to LAAD?
- Engagement Report
- Leaker Report
- Position Report
What is the difference between Assigned and Attached Command Relationships?
Assigned = long term
Attached = short term
