LA vocabulary Flashcards
Reader-Response Theory
Critical approach in which the reader reads poems to the class and then asks students to write their own poems in response to the author’s work
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DRTA)
To help students comprehend a reading selection in a textbook, the teacher asks students to examine the titles, subheadings, and illustrations in the selection. After examining the material, the students are asked to make predictions about the content of the selection and stop to evaluate the validity of their predictions
Book Talk
Includes an oral reading of a passage from the book. Is commonly used to motivate students. Includes a brief description of the characters and setting. Does not necessarily focus on the plot, action, and climax of the book.
Metacognitive Strategy
Refers to any deliberate process where one becomes aware of the process one uses to think. In the context of reading, the term refers to the knowledge of the approaches and patterns whereby one comes to understand and analyze a text and to hold a sense of its particular meanings, and meaningfulness, in one’s mind.
SSR Program
Teachers model silent reading for students. Students develop a habit of reading every day.
Shared Inquiry
In encouraging a group of students to engage in this approach to interpreting literary texts, an instructor does not seek primarily to convey information or to present his or her own opinions but instead guides participants in reading their own interpretations while interacting as a group. The goal is accomplished, in part, by asking the group open-ended, thought-provoking questions and by working hard to be an active listener in one’s role as the facilitator of the process.
Language Experience Approach
This approach is an approach to reading instruction based on activities and stories developed from personal experiences of the learner. The stories about personal experiences are written down by a teacher and read together until the learner associates the written form of the work with the spoken
Semantic mapping
A visual strategy for vocabulary expansion and extension of knowledge by displaying in categories words related to one another. It includes:the concept word, two category examples, and other examples
Etymology
The study of the history of words and how their form and meaning have changed over time
Orthography
This specifies the correct way of using a specific writing system to write the language. A method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
Morphology
The identification, analysis and description of the structure of words
Phonemes
In a language or dialect, this is the smallest segmental unit of sound employed to form meaningful contrasts between utterances
Freewriting
Writing quickly about the general topic the idea is to keep writing rather than focusing on correctness or sense
Antithesis
A counter-proposition and denotes a direct contrast to the original proposition. In setting the opposite, and individual brings out of a contrast in the meaning (eg. the definition, interpretation, or semantics) by an obvious contrast in the expression
An Appositive
this is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. It can be a short or long combination of words (example: the insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table)
Independent Clause
A group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. IT can stand along as a sentence
Direct objects
This will follow a transitive verb [a type of action verb]. These can be nouns, pronouns, phrases, or clauses
Dangling Participle
Often found at the beginning of a sentence, that appears from its position to modify an element of the sentence other than the one it was intended to modify, as plunging in Plunging hundreds of feet into the gorge, we saw Yosemite Falls
Subject-Verb Agreement
refers to ensuring that singular subjects have singular verbs, and plural subjects have plural verbs. This is called agreement in number, and it refers specifically to verbs in the present tense
Ambiguous noun reference
if a reader does not know which of two or three earlier nouns a pronoun stands for
Clustering
A technique is which students use prewriting for collecting and organizing ideas for a written work – they brainstorm and then put their ideas into related groups
Identifying an audience
This is a step in the writing process in which you choose a style of writing, level of vocabulary, and tone for a writing assignment
Revising
A phase in the writing process, in which content is added, removed, or improved in semantically significant ways
editing
the process of cleaning up, or polishing, the presentation or surface features of a text, such as spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and physical layout
Expository writing
type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform
Persuasive writing
a writer takes a position for or against an issue and writes to convince the reader to believe or do something
Narrative writing
is writing that tells a story, whether true or fictional
Stream of consciousness writing
a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur
Compound sentence
this sentence has at least two independent clauses. It does not require a dependent clause. The clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (with or without a comma), a correlative conjunction (with or without a comma), or a semicolon that functions as a conjunction. The use of a comma to separate two short independent clauses in a sentence is accepted. Example: My friend invited me to a tea party; my parents didn’t let me go.
Complex-compound sentence
A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (which can also be called subordinate clause or main clause). Example: The dog lived in the backyard, but the cat, who knew he was superior, lived inside the house.
Simple sentence
This sentence is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses. Example: The runner jumped.
Complex sentence
This sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. This sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. Example: The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
Anticipation guides
Sets of declarative statements related to materials about to be read that are designed to stimulate thinking and discussion, motivate students and help them to predict what will happen in a text
Contextual analysis
Trying to identify unknown words by the sense of the sentence, search for the meaning of an unknown word through an examination of its context
Informal reading inventories
used to determine independent reading level-miscue analysis, running records, word lists, reading passages. This helps teachers assess a student’s strengths and needs in these areas: word recognition, word meaning, reading strategies, comprehension
Metacognition
Students knowledge about their thinking processes and ability to control them. Example: A student stops periodically during reading a passage to ask questions in their head and re-read sections that were unclear, in order to check their own understanding
Phonics
The relationship between letters and sounds fundamental in beginning reading
Reading workshops
Is a form of individual reading in which students choose their own books and have individual or group conferences but may meet in groups to discuss books or work on projects
Reciprocal teaching
A strategy designed to develop comprehension where students and teachers exchange roles in developing metacognitive strategies, means that students take turns explaining to each other and learning from each other
Semantic Feature Analysis
A strategy that helps teachers focus students’ attention on vocabulary and increase their sensitivity to language, technique that can help children understand the uniqueness of a words as well as its relationship to other words
Idioms
words and phrases that mean something different from the literal meanings of the words. Example: get your ducks in a row
Participial Phrase
Phrase that begins with a preposition and contains a noun and its modifiers
Prepositional phrase
phrase that begins with a preposition and contains a noun and its modifiers
