LA techniques Flashcards
active vs passive voice
active - direct clear passive - indirect detached formal
Jargon
Serves to portray writer as intelligent, sophisticated & knowledgeable in the particular field
Value system/Ideology
Sets up writer as ethically, morally aware, thus trying to get audience to align themselves with own viewpoint.
Anaphora
- repeating words at the begginnings of successive phrases or clauses - hammering effect, creates expectation which can be subverted for emphasis
Epistrophe
- repeating words at the end of successive phrases or clauses - hammering effect, end placement natural place for emphasis
Chiasmus
- repeating words or phrases in reverse order - calls attention to itself
Sentential adverb
- single word or short phrase interrupting normal syntax (in fact) - lends emphasis to the words around it
Asyndeton
- omitting conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses - gives the impression that the list is not complete
Polysyndeton
- the use of conjunctions between multilple phrases and clauses
Procatelpsis
- anticipating an objection and answering it - strengthens the writer’s position, shows that they’ve considered the other side of the argument, prevents them being shown up as ignorant
Amplification
- repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it - emphasises an idea, making the reader realize its importnace
Scesis onomaton
- expressing an idea in a string of synonymously phrases or statesments
Apophasis
- asserting something by pointedly seeming to pass over, ignore or deny it - If you were not my father, I would say you were perverse - used to call attention to sensitive or inflammatory facts or statements while reaming apparently detached from them
Analogy
- comparing two things which are alike for the purpose of explaining a difficult idea
Metaphor
- one thing is another thing
Anthropomorphism
- personification - makes an abstraction clearer and more real to the reader by defining or explaining the concept in terms of everyday human action
Eponym
- substituted a particular attribute for the name of a famous person recognized for that attribute
Oxymoron
When position is opposite to another’s which you are dicussing can produce an ironic construct that shows how something has been misrepresented
Epithet
adjective qualifying a subject by naming a key characteristic of it (bikie)
Climax
- arranging words, clauses in the order of increasing importance
Diacope
repeating a word after an intervening word or phrase
Epizeuxis
- repetition of one word for emphasis
Enumartio
- detailiing parts, causes, effects or consequences to make a point more forcibly
Antanagoge
- placing a good point next to a fault criticism
Assonance
- similiar vowel sounds repeated in proximate words
Alliteration
- simliar consonants repeated in rpoximity
Cliches
- rely on familiarity, shortcut to convery meaning
Hypophora
- writer answering own question
Argumentum ad logicam
- arguing that because an argument contains a logical fallacy it must be wholly discarded - positioning the reader to feel indignant about being manipulated by the opposition, and to feel that they can disregard the opponent’s argument in its entirety since it is evidently based on fallacious logic.
Oronym
- sequence of words that sound like another - i scream, ice cream
Ad hominen attack
- an attack made against an opponent
Argumentum ad populum
- making an argument based on the nation it ‘must be true’,because the majority of people believe so (‘so many people can’t be wrong’).
Coming Full Circle
- when something returns to where it began, used to establish cyclical nature
Gender neutrality
- using gender neutral image, word, pseudonym - author appeals to both genders, maintains political correctness -
Labelling
Calling an argument a negative word causes the reader to dismiss the entire argument
Reductio ad absurdum
- Showing that the opponent’s argument must be false by showing that it leads to proposterous conclusions
active - direct clear passive - indirect detached formal
active vs passive voice
Serves to portray writer as intelligent, sophisticated & knowledgeable in the particular field
Jargon
Sets up writer as ethically, morally aware, thus trying to get audience to align themselves with own viewpoint.
Value system/Ideology
- repeating words at the begginnings of successive phrases or clauses - hammering effect, creates expectation which can be subverted for emphasis
Anaphora
- repeating words at the end of successive phrases or clauses - hammering effect, end placement natural place for emphasis
Epistrophe
- repeating words or phrases in reverse order - calls attention to itself
Chiasmus
- single word or short phrase interrupting normal syntax (in fact) - lends emphasis to the words around it
Sentential adverb
- omitting conjunctions between words, phrases or clauses - gives the impression that the list is not complete
Asyndeton
- the use of conjunctions between multilple phrases and clauses
Polysyndeton
- anticipating an objection and answering it - strengthens the writer’s position, shows that they’ve considered the other side of the argument, prevents them being shown up as ignorant
Procatelpsis
- repeating a word or expression while adding more detail to it - emphasises an idea, making the reader realize its importnace
Amplification
- expressing an idea in a string of synonymously phrases or statesments
Scesis onomaton
- asserting something by pointedly seeming to pass over, ignore or deny it - If you were not my father, I would say you were perverse - used to call attention to sensitive or inflammatory facts or statements while reaming apparently detached from them
Apophasis
- comparing two things which are alike for the purpose of explaining a difficult idea
Analogy
- one thing is another thing
Metaphor
- personification - makes an abstraction clearer and more real to the reader by defining or explaining the concept in terms of everyday human action
Anthropomorphism
- substituted a particular attribute for the name of a famous person recognized for that attribute
Eponym
When position is opposite to another’s which you are dicussing can produce an ironic construct that shows how something has been misrepresented
Oxymoron
adjective qualifying a subject by naming a key characteristic of it (bikie)
Epithet
- arranging words, clauses in the order of increasing importance
Climax
repeating a word after an intervening word or phrase
Diacope
- repetition of one word for emphasis
Epizeuxis
- detailiing parts, causes, effects or consequences to make a point more forcibly
Enumartio
- placing a good point next to a fault criticism
Antanagoge
- similiar vowel sounds repeated in proximate words
Assonance
- simliar consonants repeated in rpoximity
Alliteration
- rely on familiarity, shortcut to convery meaning
Cliches
- writer answering own question
Hypophora
- arguing that because an argument contains a logical fallacy it must be wholly discarded - positioning the reader to feel indignant about being manipulated by the opposition, and to feel that they can disregard the opponent’s argument in its entirety since it is evidently based on fallacious logic.
Argumentum ad logicam
- sequence of words that sound like another - i scream, ice cream
Oronym
- an attack made against an opponent
Ad hominen attack
- making an argument based on the nation it ‘must be true’,because the majority of people believe so (‘so many people can’t be wrong’).
Argumentum ad populum
- when something returns to where it began, used to establish cyclical nature
Coming Full Circle
- using gender neutral image, word, pseudonym - author appeals to both genders, maintains political correctness -
Gender neutrality
Calling an argument a negative word causes the reader to dismiss the entire argument
Labelling
- Showing that the opponent’s argument must be false by showing that it leads to proposterous conclusions
Reductio ad absurdum
