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BDS2 LA > LA overview > Flashcards

LA overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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2
Q

What are the 2 maint types of local anaesthetics?

A

-esters -amides

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3
Q

What are 2 examples of vasoconstrictors that can be found in LA?

A

-adrenaline -felypressin

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4
Q

What is the purpsose of vasoconstrictors in LA?

A

-keeps LA in area for longer -also can be used to control bleeding and help with haemostasis

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5
Q

What are 2 examples of preservatives that can be found in LA?

A

-bisulphite -propylparaben

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6
Q

What does a person who has a true allergy to LA have an allergy to?

A

the preservative propylparaben

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7
Q

Why do many people think they have an allergy to LA?

A

They don’t like the adrenaline and get palpatations etc

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8
Q

What is an infiltration LA injection?

A

An injection where the LA solution is deposited around the terminal branches of nerves

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9
Q

What is an infiltration LA injection used to anaesthetise? (2)

A

-soft tissues -pulpal anaesthesia where the alveolar bone is thin

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10
Q

Where is the alveolar bone thin enough for pulpal anaesthesia via an infiltration LA injection?

A

-lower anterior region -maxilla

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11
Q

Why can’t an infiltration LA injection be used for pulpal anaesthesia when the alveolar bone is thick?

A

LA solution needs to be able to diffuse through the alveolar bone - roots and apex of tooth are in the bone If bone is too thick and dense it cant achieve this

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12
Q

Where is LA deposited in a nerve block?

A

Beside the nerve trunk

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13
Q

In a nerve block, sesation is abolished what to that site?

A

distal (all the terminal nerve branches will be blocked)

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14
Q

When is a nerve block used/what does it anaesthetise?

A

-soft tissue anaesthesia -used where bone is oo thick to allow infiltration (mandible - especially posterior)

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15
Q

What type of LA injection would be used to anesthetise the dental pulp of teeth in the maxilla?

A

-buccal infiltration

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16
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the buccal gingivae in the maxilla?

A

Buccal infiltraion

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17
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the palatal gingivae (Maxilla)?

A

-palatal injection (infiltration)

18
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the dental pulp of lower molars (and 2nd premolar)?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve block (IDB/IAN)

19
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the dental pulp of lower premolars and canine?

A

-Mental (incisive) nerve block

20
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise lower canines and incisors?

A

-buccal infiltration/labial infiltration

21
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the buccal gingivae of lower molars and second premolar?

A

-(long) buccal gingivae

22
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise buccal gingivae of lower first premolar and canine?

A

-infiltration or long buccal or mental nerve block

23
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the buccal ginigvae of lower incisors and canines?

A

-Buccal/labial infiltration

24
Q

What type of LA injection technique would be used to anaesthetise the lingual gingivae?

A

-lingual infiltration -second part of IDB if given

25
Q

How can the IDB catch the lingual nerve?

A

When give IDB initially aiming for the inferior alveolar nerve If move 2-3mm can also catch the lingual nerve which supplies the tongue on that side and this is beneficial to give this injection as only need to give it once 2 nerves with 1 injections

26
Q

What tissues you anesthetise depends on what?

A

the procedure

27
Q

For a tooth restoration, what would you anesthetise?

A

-dental pulp

28
Q

For an extraction what tissues would you anaesthetise?

A

-pulp and gingiva

29
Q

For scaling what tissues would you anaesthetise?

A

either gingivae or pulp and gingivae

30
Q

What are the different parts/sections of the LA administrator?

A

-syringe handle and bung -syringe barrel that contains the needle -cartrige of LA

31
Q

What are the 2 different lengths of needles and what technique are they used for?

A
  • short 25mm for infiltration - long 35mm for inferior alveolar nerve block
32
Q

What needs to be checked and recorded from the LA in your noted?

A

-expiry date and batch (batch no. for traceability if the is a prob with pharmacology - what P has had the batch?)

33
Q

What are 3 types of LA used?

A

-Lignocaine -Articaine -Citanest

34
Q

What vasoconstrictor is found in lignocaine and articaine?

A

Adrenaline

35
Q

What vasoconstrictor is found in Citanest?

A

Octapressin

36
Q

What 4 things are done to prep the patient for LA?

A

-check medical history -position them in the chair -dry the mucosa -apply topical for 1-2 mins

37
Q

What things are you looking for in the medical history?

A

Haemophiliacs etc. - need IDB in haemophiliac clininc

38
Q

What is the position of the patient in the chair dictated by?

A

The type of treatment

39
Q

How much topical anaesthetic is placed on the injection site?

A

A pea-sized for 1-2 mins (on cotton wool)

40
Q

What techniques can be used to help a patient with LA?

A

-a relaxing atmosphere -breathing techniques -thinking of a ‘happt place’ -being confident in administration

41
Q

Desribe how the sharps/LA are disosed of.

A

Everything taken apart and sharps in the orange stream bin LA cartrige goes into the sharps bin also if empty If LA cartridge contains LA then blue bin The rest is decontaminated

BDS2 LA (4 decks)

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