L.A 9 Final

Question 1

How should a business letter be written?

Answer 1

• Should be written politely
• The letter should be assertive not aggressive
• Details should be specific and clear

Question 2

How should a business envelope be addressed?

Answer 2

• Everything lines up on the left side
• Everything is capitalized
• No punctuation

Question 3

Noun

Answer 3

A person, place, or thing

Question 4

Pronoun

Answer 4

A word that can function by itself as a noun phrase that refers either too the participants in the discourse (e.g. I, you), or to someone or something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse (e.g. she, it, this)

Question 5

Verb

Answer 5

A verb used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence, such as hear, become, happen

Question 6

Adjective

Answer 6

A word or phrase naming an attribute

Question 7

Adverb

Answer 7

A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (e.g. gently, quite then, there)

Question 8

Conjunction

Answer 8

A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if)

Question 9

Preposition

Answer 9

A word governing, and usually preceding, a noun, or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

Question 10

Interjection

Answer 10

an abrupt remark, made especially as an aside or interruption

Question 11

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Answer 11

When the pronoun agrees in number and person with its antecedent

Question 12

Subject-Verb Agreement

Answer 12

The subject and the verb must agree in case and number

Question 13

Action Verb

Answer 13

A verb that a subject can do (e.g. sing, eat, run)

Question 14

Helping Verb

Answer 14

Verbs that become before the main verb, or the verb describing the action of the sentence (e.g. was, is, will, be, had, will have)

Question 15

Linking Verb

Answer 15

A linking verb connects the subject with the word that gives information about the subject (e.g. is ,seems, smell)

Question 16

Infinitive

Answer 16

The verb in its basic form. It is the version of the verb which will appear in the dictionary. (e.g. to run)

Question 17

Gerund

Answer 17

Any verb ending in “ing” and used as a noun. (e.g. i like running, singing makes Sara happy)

Question 18

Antecedent

Answer 18

A thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another. (e.g. the WOMAN who lives next door lost HER drivers license)

Question 19

Symbol:

Answer 19

Anything that stands for or represents something other than itself

Question 20

How to recognize a symbol:

Answer 20

1) Grasp the meaning of symbol
2) Recognize the signs
3) Familiarize yourself with the authors work and style
4) Trust your feelings
5) Look to other sources
* Take notes while you read to highlight what you think may be a symbol or an important idea

Question 21

Types of essays

Answer 21

• Argumentative or Persuasive Essay: you try to convince the reader that you are correct
• Comparison (compare or contrast) Essay: you explain how two things are alike and how they are different.
• Critical Essay: you do a critique of another writers work
• Deductive Essay: you take facts and make a conclusion from them
• Exploratory Essay: this is just free writing
• Narrative Essay: you describe something or write a story
• Personal Essay: you write an essay telling who you are
• Research Essay: you spend time doing research and present your conclusions
• -Responsive Essay: you examine a work of literature and discuss points found in it.

Question 22

What are the three main focuses of essays?

Answer 22

Description, persuasion and opinion

Question 23

What it the 5-paragraph essay format?

Answer 23

Introduction:

• orient the reader
• identify the focus/purpose
• outline the scope
• state thesis

Body:

• topic sentence 1
• supporting details
• concluding sentence 1
• topic sentence 2
• supporting details
• concluding sentence 2
• topic sentence 3
• supporting details
• concluding sentence 3

Conclusion:

• restate thesis
• summarize argument

Question 24

Compound Subject:

Answer 24

A single subject

Question 25

Compound Verb:

Answer 25

A single verb

Question 26

Subject & Predicate

Answer 26

A subject is what the sentence is about; a predicate tells is what the subject is or does.

Question 27

Phrases

Answer 27

A phrase is a related group of words. The words work together as a “unit”, but they do not have a subject and a verb.

Question 28

Clauses

Answer 28

A clause is a group of words that does have both a subject and a verb.

Question 29

Independent Clauses

Answer 29

Some clauses are independent, meaning that they would express a complete thought . An independent clause is not the same as a complete sentence.

Question 30

Dependent Clauses

Answer 30

Some clauses are dependent, meaning that they cannot stand alone. They do have a subject and a verb, but they do not express a complete thought. Another word for dependent is subordinate.

Question 31

Parts of Speech

Answer 31

How to identify all the parts of a sentence:

(1) read the sentence aloud
(2) ask the subject question (who or what is spoken about)
(3) ask the verb question (what is the subject doing)
(4) ask the complement questions (verb who or what)
(5) if the verb in the sentence is an action verb/ then the complement is a direct object/ look at the verb determine if it can be done, if so, now that the complement is a direct object.
(6) ask the indirect object questions (verb to or for whom or to)
(7) ask the adjective questions (which noun, what kind, how many, whose {noun})
(8) ask the adverb questions ({verb} when, where, how, how often, or to what extent)

Question 32

What do titles do?

Answer 32

Titles are very important: they often give the main idea of what the author is trying to say in the story.

Question 33

Topic Sentence

Answer 33

The {topic sentence} is often at the beginning of the paragraph, and it gives a clear indication of what the main idea is, as well

Question 34

Punctuate Dialog:

Answer 34

If the sentence ends with dialogue, the last punctuation mark goes inside the quotation marks.

Question 35

Colon

Answer 35

Colons are used after an independent clause to direct attention to a list, an appositive, or a quotation. Remember that the first part must be a complete sentence.

Question 36

Comma

Answer 36

Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction {when} it joins two independent clauses.

Question 37

Question Mark

Answer 37

Used after a question has been asked.

Question 38

Dash

Answer 38

Use dashes to set off parenthetical material that deserves emphasis.

Question 39

Parenthesis

Answer 39

Use parenthesis to enclose extra information, minor digressions, and after thoughts.

Question 40

Capitalization

Answer 40

Capitalize nouns, and the beginning of the sentence.

Question 41

Type of sentences

Answer 41

1. Interrogative- a question, it must end with a question mark
2. Exclamatory: ends in an exclamation mark because it is dramatic
3. Declarative: states a fact, opinion, idea, or observation
4. Imperative: tells you something

Question 42

Subject & Predicate

Answer 42

Subject= simple subject
My favorite school subject=complete subject
Has been=simple predicate
Has always been Biology=complete predicate

Question 43

Identify Sentence Error

Answer 43

(a) fragmented sentences - a word group that pretends to be a sentence but isn’t
(b) run-on sentences - independent clauses that have not been joined properly
(c) comma splice - when two or more independent clauses joined with commas without a coordinating conjunction