LA Flashcards
Properties of lidocaine
Potency=2
Toxicity=2
Rapid onset of action 2-3mins
Long duration 1hr with vasoconstrictor
What is local anaesthesia
Local anaesthesia is the loss of sensation in a circumscribed area in the body caused by a depression of excitation on nerve endings. La produces a loss of sensation without inducing a loss of consciousness
Properties of mepivacaine
Potency=2
Toxicity=2
Rapid onset of action 1.5-2mins
Can be used without a vasoconstrictor
Properties of prilocaine
Potency=1
Toxicity=1
Long onset of action 6-10mins
Short duration 15-30mims
What are vasoconstrictors
Are drugs that constrict the blood vessels and thereby control tissue perfusion
Why are vasoconstrictors added to la
They are added to la solutions to oppose the vasodilatory actions of la
Importance of vasoconstrictors in dental procedures
Decrease bleeding
Increase uptake
Use less dosage
Prevent getting into the systemic system
La systemic complications
Reaction to la eg cartridge failure, infection, haematoma, pain, needle fracture, needle stick injury and nerve damage
La local complications
Occur immediately eg. Fainting, ADR, allergic reaction, cross infection and bleeding disorders
Why should you not inject la in an infected area.
Injecting into the area is less likely to be effective and there is a risk of the infection spreading.
How can a haematoma be prevented.
By using an aspirating syringe and aspirating the area before injecting.
What procedures should you follow after needle stick injury.
Report incident using form
If needle was sterile cover wound and discard needle and cartridge
If needle was used squeeze wound, run under got water and use antiseptic wash and cover. Inform dentist on duty, check pt medical hx, and consult your doctor
How can a needle stick injury be prevented.
Take care when giving an injection
Don’t leave an uncapped needle on table
Use needle guard
Recap in a safe way
What is the rule of thumb for la
The rule of thumb is used to know the maximum amount of la you can give a pt according to the pt weight. 1 cartridge per 10kg and you will be well within the max dose.
Eg if and pt weights 30kg the max is 3 cartridges
What is the rule of 10 for IDB in children.
The rule of 10 is used to decide if a mandibular black can be used on a child. It works by adding the child’s age to the tooth number. If it is 10 or more and IDB is recommended, if it is lower than 10 and infiltration should be sufficient. Eg a 6yr on children and tooth number 75. 6+5=11 do an IDB can be used
