L9 - Sexual health

Question 1

SEXUAL HEALTH DEFINITIONS

i) how is sexual health defined?
ii) which study looked at individuals sexual identity and sexual experience?
iii) were reports of sexual experience and identity the same or different?
iv) is it best to refer to STDs, STIs or RTIs?

Answer 1

i) sexual health requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sex, free or coercion, discrimination and violence
ii) australian study of health and relationships
iv) ) STIs

Question 2

SEXUAL SATISFACTION

i) what is strongly related to sexual satisfaction?
ii) what two things has emotional satisfaction in relationships been linked to?
iii) do men or women have a higher ideal frequency of sex per week?
iv) how does the actual frequency of sex for men and women differ? is this higher or lower than their ideal frequency?
v) what is the mean frequency of sex per week in relationships?

Answer 2

i) relationship satisfaction
ii) physical satisfaction and more frequent sex
iii) men - but there is lots of overlap

iv) actual frequency is similar for men and women
- lower than ideal

v) mean frequency is 1.5 times per week

Question 3

SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES

i) give five sexual difficulties
ii) name five things that low sexual function can be linked to
iii) how does poor physical health affect sexual frequency and satisfaction?

Answer 3

i) lack of interest, orgasm too quick, pain, vaginal dryness, unable to orgasm
ii) greater age, depression, poor physical health, lower relationship satisfaction, inability to talk about sex with partners
iii) poor physical health has negative sffect on sexual frequency and satisfaction

Question 4

SEXUAL COERCION

i) what % of men and women have ever been sexually coerced?
ii) name three types of wellbeing that coercion can affect and give an example of each
iii) do the effects of coercion relate to how long ago the incident was?

Answer 4

i) 5% men and 20% women
- forced or frightened into sexual activity

ii) psychological - higher prevalence of depression
physical - greater cigarette, drug use
sexual - more STIs

iii) any sexual coercion has determinetal effects - doesnt matter how long ago it was

Question 5

SEXUAL HEALTH ACROSS LIFESPAN

i) give two concerns in youth, adulthood, older age
ii) how have cohort effects changed sexual health over time? (2)
iii) are people sexually active at older or younger ages now than in the past? what risk does this pose?
iv) what risk may being sexually active later in life pose?

Answer 5

i) youth - prevent pregnancy and STIs
adult - optimise reproductive health
old - optimise sexual function

ii) society is now more sexualised and sexual health is more valued than in the past

iii) people are now sexually active at a younger age
- risk of earlier STI exposure

iv) sexually active later in life - longer potential STI exposure

Question 6

SEXUAL FUNCTION

i) what is the relationship between sexual difficulties and age?
ii) name two things sexual function is related to that is non physical?
iii) when are people most likely to get treatment for sexual difficulty? when are they less likely to get help?

Answer 6

i) vary with age but dont just necessarily get worse
ii) sexual func also linked to relationship satisfaction and ability to talk about sex with partners
iii) where it is severe and less likely when its a psychological reason eg performance anxiety

Question 7

PROMOTING PREVENTATIVE BEHAVIOUR

i) what group of people are rates of STIs increasing?
ii) how can STI prevention be promoted?
iii) what is the most effective approach to getting people to use condoms?
iv) which model is the key to effective safe sex promotion?
v) why may scare campaigns be ineffective?

Answer 7

i) young people
ii) promote correct condom use
iii) communication
iv) IMB - information, motivation, behaviour
v) people may not have the necessary skills to implement the change

Question 8

EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS

i) adding which component to a intervention can make it more effective?
ii) what is heterosexual condom use most influenced by?
iii) access to which two things may increase risk of STIs

Answer 8

i) skills component
ii) concerns about pregnancy
iii) access to contraception and post coital contraception

Question 9

PROMOTING SCREENING AND TESTING

i) give three reasons why there may be an increase in STIs?
ii) where did the national chlamdyia screening programme test people for chlamidya? what % of people had undiagnosed chlamidya?
iii) name four reasons for screening
iv) what is the current prevalence of HPV16 and 18 in women 18-20yrs?

Answer 9

i) more young people sexually active, inconsistent condom use, belief STIs are serious

ii) outside GUM clinics
- 10% of people had undiag chlamidya

iii) collect data, raise awareness of testing/treating, treat people if they have it, notify partners
iv) 6%