L9 - Cognition in the Motor system Flashcards
What does DLPFC stand for?
Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex
A lesion in the DLPFC would cause what?
Inability to make the correct movement.
What is the purpose of the DLPFC?
Action selection, weighing decisions between different choices.
Which section is the DLPFC most connected to?
Heavy connection with basal ganglia and dopamine
How do patients with lesions to their DLPFC perform on tasks such as the Wisconsin card sorting test?
Unsuccessfully when the rule changes. They carry out perseverance errors - continue with the old rule due to their inability to switch and ‘select’ the more appropriate rule and also capricious errors, which is the abandoning of successful rules.
What is the affordance competition model?
Multiple reach options are initially specified and then gradually eliminated in a competition for overt execution, as more information accumulates.
What does the classic central executive model suggest?
That information is stored, the DLPFC decides which action to take, and then planning for that action occurs.
Under the affordance model, when deciding to act, global brain activity should show what?
Parallel activation
According to Cisek and Kalaska (2010), after how long is there an initial wave of parallel activity in the brain, in response to a go, no-go task?
50ms
According to Cisek and Kalaska (2010), after how long do significant differences begin to show between the go and no go tasks?
150ms
What does cognitive overflow refer to?
The continued integration of information after the initial decision response. (which allows you to change your mind/initial decision)
What did the Libet experiment test and what did it find?
Tested whether we have free will or not by telling participants to make movements whenever they wished, while brain activity was recorded.
Found that onsets of readiness potential occurred 600ms before any movement occurred, and 400ms before conscious awareness of any planning for movement.
Which two methods are used in visuo-motor recalibration?
Explicit strategies and implicit (cerebellar motor) learning, at the same time.
Are older adults going to be more impaired in their explicit or implicit motor learning for tasks linking working memory and strategy use? Why?
Explicit, because PFC capacity diminishes in older age, meaning cognitive control in tasks such as this will be more difficult.
PFC Diminishes more than motor cortex/cerebellum.
What is the so-called double edged sword of ageing?
The simultaneous increase in demand for cognitive systems in motor tasks with the decrease in availability of cognitive resources.
