L86- Aromatic chemistry Flashcards
Why are cationic intermediate fairly stable?
because the positive charge can be delocalised
what positions are is the charge on a cation delocalised over?
ortho and para - resonance structures
why is it harder for second substituents to be added to a benzene ring?
due to the group present
what influences where the second substituent takes on a benzene ring?
the groups already there
what are the 3 possible arrangements for groups on a ring?
ortho, meta, para,
what is the position that the group IS AT called on a benzene ring?
ipso
compared to ipso where is the position meta?
2 carbons away
compared to ipso where is the position para?
opposite
compared to ipso where is the position ortho?
next to it
how else would you name 3-nitrophenol?
m-nitrophenol
how else would you name 4-chlorotoluene?
p-chlorotoluene
why is the a phenol more susceptible to electrophilic substitution?
because the lone pair on the oxygen can feed into the ring and be used to be stabilised by conjugation. the ring is electron dense so substitution can occur
what position can substitution with a phenol occur on?
para or ortho
what is the rate determining step?
the slowest step in the chemical reaction
what is the rat determining step in the substitution reaction?
the formation of the cation
