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AN4017 > L8 Hypothalamic Neurogenesis (Obesity & Stress) > Flashcards

L8 Hypothalamic Neurogenesis (Obesity & Stress) Flashcards

1
Q

How does increased cortisol during stress affect glucose levels?

A

increases glucose levels

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2
Q

What factors play a vital role in programming the metabolic disorders in later life?

A
  • early-life nutrition
  • environmental factors
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3
Q

Increased maternal adiposity increases the risk of…

A

childhood obesity in offspring

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4
Q

Obese children are predisposed to…

A

depression, anxiety & lower cognitive performance

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5
Q

Examples of epigenetic modifications

A

DNA methylation, miRNAs, histone modifications

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6
Q

Maternal depression and obesity can negatively affect…

A

fetal programming

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7
Q

The hypothalamus interacts with the __ to facilitate secretion of hormones such as oxytocin

A

pituitary gland

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8
Q

Hypothalamic feeding centre

A

lateral hypothalamus

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9
Q

Hypothalamic satiety centre

A

ventromedial hypothalamus

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10
Q

VMH lesions can cause __

A

hyperphagia

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11
Q

LH lesions can cause __

A

anorexia

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12
Q

The __ nucleus in the hypothalamus is the main regulator for energy homeostasis

A

arcuate

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13
Q

POMC and AgRP/NPY neurons project from __ to __ to control food intake and energy balance

A

arcuate nucleus to paraventricular nucleus

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14
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Glial cells that line the ventricles that are key for neuron development of hypothalamus

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15
Q

Ependymal period in hypothalamic neurodevelopment

A

E14-16

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16
Q

What happens from E18 onwards in hypothalamic neurodevelopment?

A

Tanycytes are generated during the perinatal period and in the first postnatal days

17
Q

Epigenetic mechanisms are affected by…

A

development, environmental chemicals, drugs, aging, diet

18
Q

Postnatal epigenetic maturation in arcuate nucleus is associated with…

A

maturation of the response to dietary signals

19
Q

Sex-specific epigenetic development in the arcuate nucleus could underlie …

A

sex differences in susceptibility to developmental programming

20
Q

Transcription factors expressed by tanycytes

A
  • Retina and anterior neural fold homeobox (RAX)
  • LIM homeobox factor 2 (LHX2)
  • Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)
  • Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9)
21
Q

What are the NPCs in the hypothalamus?

A

tanycytes

22
Q

Tanycytes are in a privileged position to…

A

detect hormonal, nutritional & mitogenic signals

23
Q

Insulin enhances proliferation and differentiation of…

A

adrenocortical and pituitary progenitors

AN4017 (8 decks)

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