L8 Hypothalamic Neurogenesis (Obesity & Stress) Flashcards
How does increased cortisol during stress affect glucose levels?
increases glucose levels
What factors play a vital role in programming the metabolic disorders in later life?
- early-life nutrition
- environmental factors
Increased maternal adiposity increases the risk of…
childhood obesity in offspring
Obese children are predisposed to…
depression, anxiety & lower cognitive performance
Examples of epigenetic modifications
DNA methylation, miRNAs, histone modifications
Maternal depression and obesity can negatively affect…
fetal programming
The hypothalamus interacts with the __ to facilitate secretion of hormones such as oxytocin
pituitary gland
Hypothalamic feeding centre
lateral hypothalamus
Hypothalamic satiety centre
ventromedial hypothalamus
VMH lesions can cause __
hyperphagia
LH lesions can cause __
anorexia
The __ nucleus in the hypothalamus is the main regulator for energy homeostasis
arcuate
POMC and AgRP/NPY neurons project from __ to __ to control food intake and energy balance
arcuate nucleus to paraventricular nucleus
What are ependymal cells?
Glial cells that line the ventricles that are key for neuron development of hypothalamus
Ependymal period in hypothalamic neurodevelopment
E14-16
What happens from E18 onwards in hypothalamic neurodevelopment?
Tanycytes are generated during the perinatal period and in the first postnatal days
Epigenetic mechanisms are affected by…
development, environmental chemicals, drugs, aging, diet
Postnatal epigenetic maturation in arcuate nucleus is associated with…
maturation of the response to dietary signals
Sex-specific epigenetic development in the arcuate nucleus could underlie …
sex differences in susceptibility to developmental programming
Transcription factors expressed by tanycytes
- Retina and anterior neural fold homeobox (RAX)
- LIM homeobox factor 2 (LHX2)
- Sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)
- Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9)
What are the NPCs in the hypothalamus?
tanycytes
Tanycytes are in a privileged position to…
detect hormonal, nutritional & mitogenic signals
Insulin enhances proliferation and differentiation of…
adrenocortical and pituitary progenitors
