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Unit 3 Clin Lab Med > L8: CXR > Flashcards

L8: CXR Flashcards

1
Q

Standard views

A

PA + lateral

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2
Q

View which magnifies the heart

A

AP view

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3
Q

Most radiopaque (white)

A

metal/bone

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4
Q

Least radiopaque (black)

A

air

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5
Q

Lower lung lobes appear

A

inferior to the diaphragm, you should see bilateral lung markings below the diaphragm

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6
Q

Where are most abnormalities seen?

A

Chest wall

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7
Q

What may obscure lung markings?

A

Obesity

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8
Q

RIP for image quality

A

Rotation
Inspiration
Penetration

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9
Q

Assess rotation

A

clavicles are equidistant from the spinous processes

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10
Q

Assess inspiration

A

diaphragm below ribs 8-10 posteriorly and 5-7 anteriorly

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11
Q

Adequate penetration

A

disc spaces are seen but bony details of spine cannot be seen

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12
Q

Overexposed CXR

A

lungs appear too black (radiolucent)

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13
Q

Underexposed CXR

A

lungs appear whitish, cloudy, lower lobes not seen

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14
Q

Are there many lung lesions? Acronym

A 
A: Abdomen
T: thoracic wall: soft tissues and bones
M: Mediastinum
L: Lung fields (assess individually)
L: Lungs comparison
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15
Q

Normal pleural/vascular markings

A

Extend all the way to the chest wall, all the way to the periphery of the ribcage
More prominent in the central/lower lung fields (bases)

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16
Q

Right vs left hemidiaphragm

A

Right is 3 cm higher

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17
Q

Gastric bubble

A

seen below the left diaphragm

normal

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18
Q

Middle Mediastinum

A

heart and great vessels

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19
Q

Anterior Mediastinum

A

potential space in front of the heart

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20
Q

Posterior Mediastinum

A

potential space behind the heart

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21
Q

Superior Mediastinum

A

potential space above the heart

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22
Q

Normal Cardio:Thoracic Ratio (CTR)

A

1:2 or less

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23
Q

Cardiomegaly

24
Q

Left cardiac contour

A

left lateral border of the left ventricle

25
Right cardiac contour
right lateral border of the right atrium
26
Aortic knob
Represents the left lateral edge of the aorta as it arches backwards over the left main bronchus and pulmonary vessels Can be calcified→ more radioopaque
27
soft tissue/fat vs muscle
soft tissue is less dense than muscle and therefore darker
28
Which bone is the only bone seen in its entirety?
The clavicle
29
Where might bone metastasis be visible?
clavicle, scapula, humorus
30
What should the spinous process of the vertebrae look like?
should lie midway between the medial ends of the clavicles | if not, patient is rotated (positioned oblique to the x-ray beam)
31
Lung hyperexpansion (hyperinflation) appears
>7 posterior ribs seen or flattened diaphragm
32
How is the sternum best seen?
Lateral view
33
Child bones appear
Immature bones which have not completely ossified
34
Sail sign
A huge thymus seen in children (do not confuse with spinnaker sign)
35
Shaken baby syndrome
clavicle fracture + multiple rib fractures
36
Child abuse
Bone remodeling due to healing rib fractures
37
Water bottle sign
Pericardial effusion: shape of cardiac silhouette is expanded
38
Kerley B lines
CHF: vascular markings all the way at the periphery
39
CHF
Cardiomegaly + increased lung markings +/- Kerley B lines
40
Unilaterally high diaphragm could indicate
Paralysis of the phrenic nerve (3/4/5) eventration atelectasis pneumothorax
41
Pulmonary edema appears
Increased vascular markings, “fluffy”
42
COPD
Low, flat diaphragm | Barrel chest= Kyphosis+Increased AP diameter
43
Can cause cavitary lesions
TB | Valley fever
44
Pneumoperitoneum definition
air trapping below diaphragm. | Caused by surgical incision or CO2, ruptured ulcer
45
Pneumoperitoneum appearance
Crescent shaped bubble of air below the thin membrane of the diaphragm when an erect PA view is taken
46
Spine sign
lower lobe pneumonia: lower dorsal bodies become more radiodense (whiter)
47
Infiltrates vs consolidation
Infiltrate: patchy Consolidation: more solid appearing
48
Pleural effusion is often secondary to
rib fractures
49
blunting of the costophrenic angle
pleural effusion
50
Flail chest
paradoxical breathing caused by multiple rib fractures
51
Aortic aneurism
widened mediastinum
52
Feels like rice krispies
subcutaneous emphysema
53
Widened mediastinum (>8 cm) could be caused by
aortic aneurysm Hilar adenopathy mass metastasis
54
Subcutaneous emphysema
Air at periphery of CXR, outside of the lung fields
55
Spinnaker sign
sign of pneumomediastinum
56
Hemopneumothorax
fluid below the diaphragm

Unit 3 Clin Lab Med (5 decks)

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