L8 - CVD Health Promotion

Question 1

What are the key focuses of cardiovascular health promotion?

Answer 1

• Understand the impact of risky behaviour on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
• Promote lifestyle modifications to reduce CHD risk.
• Address health inequalities.
• Use health promotion models to guide interventions.

Question 2

What are the recommended lifestyle modifications for CHD prevention?

Answer 2

• Weight management (BMI 18.5-24.9, waist circumference <35 inches for women, <40 inches for men).
• Regular physical activity.
• Dietary changes: DASH diet, reduced sodium, and moderated alcohol intake.
• Smoking cessation.

Question 3

What is the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP)?

Answer 3

• A study showing lifestyle modification (7% weight loss, 150 minutes weekly activity) reduces type 2 diabetes incidence by more than metformin or placebo.

Question 4

How does a diversified diet benefit cardiovascular health?

Answer 4

• Improves lipid parameters (e.g., LDL-C) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.
• Reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
• Combines plant sterols, soy protein, viscous fibre, and nuts for optimal effects.

Question 5

What are the components of Tannahill’s model of health promotion?

Answer 5

1. Preventive services (e.g., immunisation, hypertension screening).
2. Preventive health education (e.g., smoking cessation advice).
3. Preventive health protection (e.g., fluoridation of water).
4. Health education for preventive protection (e.g., seat belt legislation lobbying).
5. Positive health education (e.g., life skills for youth).
6. Positive health protection (e.g., workplace smoking policies).
7. Health education for positive protection (e.g., banning tobacco ads).

Question 6

What is the Stages of Change Model?

Answer 6

• Behaviour change is a process, not an event.
• Individuals progress through stages, and interventions should align with their current stage.

Question 7

What is the Health Belief Model?

Answer 7

• Emphasises perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers to health actions.
• Includes cues to action and self-efficacy as motivators for behaviour change.

Question 8

What are the challenges of addressing health inequalities in health promotion?

Answer 8

• Inequalities stem from deprivation in employment, income, education, health, housing, and access to services.
• SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) identifies deprived areas for targeted interventions.
• Behavioural traits and social class require tailored, non-‘one size fits all’ approaches.

Question 9

Who is responsible for reducing risky behaviours?

Answer 9

• Individuals (choices).
• Communities (norms).
• Policymakers (resource distribution).
• Legislators (e.g., taxes on tobacco).
• Corporations (marketing practices).

Question 10

What are the domains of the SIMD for identifying deprivation?

Answer 10

• Employment.
• Income.
• Health.
• Education, skills, and training.
• Geographic access to services.
• Crime.
• Housing.