Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physio II: Exam 1 > L8: Auditory Senses > Flashcards

L8: Auditory Senses Flashcards

1
Q

conduction pathway sequence of the ear

A

tympanic membrane
ossicles
oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

auditory ossicles

A

malleus
incus
stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

malleus

A

attaches tympanic memb to incus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

incus

A

intermediate bone between malleus and stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stapes

A

stirrup shape for stapedial artery to pass

connects incus to oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

openings of the middle ear

A

oval window

round window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oval window

A

opens into the scala vestibuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

round window

A

a membrane covered window at the end of the scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

muscles of the middle ear

A

tensor tympani

stapedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tensor tympani

A

inserts on the malleus

pulls handle of malleus inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stapedius

A

inserts on the stapes and pulls it outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of middle ear muscles

A

contract reflexively in response to loud sounds

in order to dampen the vibrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

impedance matching

A

tympanic memb is 17x smaller than stapes surface area

this increases the force from ossicular lever system to cochlear by 22x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

importance of impedance

A

fluid has greater inertia than air and thus requires this increase in force in order to create vibration in fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who provides impedance

A

tympanic memb and ossicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cochlea components

A

3 side by side coiled tubes

scala vestibuli, media, tympani

and reissner’s memb also called vestibular memb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does reissner’s membrane separate?

A

scala media from scala vestibuli

18
Q

explain width of reissner’s membrane

A

is so thin that the scala media and vestibuli are considered a single chamber when discussing sound

19
Q

purpose of reissner’s membrane

A

keeps special fluid w/in scala media

20
Q

what does the basilar membrane separate

A

scala media from scala tympani

21
Q

trace basilar membrane fibers

A

project from modiolus of cochlea outer wall
to
basilar membrane

but the distal fiber ends are not fixed

these fibers can vibrate

22
Q

function of basilar fibers

A

transfer vibrations

stiff short fibers near oval window = higher frequency

long limber fibers near apex of cochlea = low frequency of vibration

23
Q

function of organ of corti

A

generates nerve impulses in response to vibration of basilar membrane

24
Q

sensory receptors of organ of corti

A

hair cells
single row of internal cells
3-4 rows of external cells

25
Q

contents of scala media and tympani

A

endolymph

perilymph

26
Q

hair cell stimulation

A

stim nerve fibers that lead to the spiral ganglion of corti

27
Q

how do hair cells transmit signals

A

stereocilia of hair cells touch or embed in tectorial memb

bending of the hair cells = depolarization

bending in opposite direction = hyperpolarization

28
Q

outer ends of hair cells are tightly attached to ?

A

reticular lamina
supported by rods of corti
which are attached to basilar fibers

thus creating a rigid unit

29
Q

axons of neurons in the ganglion

A

axons are sent to upper medulla via cochlear nerve

CN VIII

30
Q

basilar fibers length increases from ?

A

oval window to apex of cochlea

31
Q

diameter of basilar fibers decrease from ?

A

oval window to apex of cochlea

32
Q

mvt of basilar fibers causes mvt of _________ , which causes shearing forces on _______ against the _______________. thus whenever basilar membrane moves ?

A

reticular lamina
hair cells
tectorial memb

hair cells become excited

33
Q

hair cell stereocilia

A

about 100 on their apical border

are longer on side farther from modiolus

34
Q

depolarization of hair cells

A

occurs when cilia are bent towards longer ones

a tensile force is created on shorter ones

creates mechanical transduction that opens K channels

35
Q

endolymph

A

high K conc
low Na conc

+ charge = endocochlear potential

36
Q

voltage potential of endo/peri-lymph

A

+80 difference between them

scala media is + = endocochlear potential

37
Q

tops of hair cells project thru ?

A

the reticular lamina

thus bathed in endolymph

38
Q

lower bodies of hair cells

A

surrounded by perilymph

39
Q

intracellular potential of hair cells

A
  • 150 apical ends in endolymph

- 70 lower bodies in perilymph

40
Q

place principle

A

nervous system detects sound frequencies by determining positions along the basilar memb that are most stimulated

41
Q

6 components of the nervous system pathway for sound

A
  1. spiral organ of corti
  2. dorsal n ventral cochlear nuclei
  3. superior olivary nucleus
  4. lat lemniscus nucleus
  5. med geniculate nucleus (in the thalamus)
  6. auditory cortex
42
Q

auditory cortex

A

located in temporal lobe

dif areas associated w/ high vs low sound frequencies

Physio II: Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions