L8

Question 1

spinocerebellar tract signals cerebellum (contra/ipsi)?

Answer 1

ipsi

Question 2

outputs from cerebellum though to?

Answer 2

thalamus to contralateral MC.
- control of movement
info about sensory events
- info about interneurons

Question 3

1971 hypothesis: anterior spinocerebellar tract monitors ?

Answer 3

activity of spinal interneurons

Question 4

2001 hypothesis: posterior spinocerebellar tract neurons process inputs from?

Answer 4

inputs from muscle afferents to get limb end-point postiion

Question 5

2016 hypothesis: limb end-point derived from ?

Answer 5

from simple summation of proprioceptive input.

Question 6

parts of cerebellum
vermis - where? sensory control?
flocculonodular lobe AKA? Used for? mediates?
spinocerebellum - where? intermediate zone does ?
cerebrocerebellum does what?

Answer 6

v - middle, sensory control of truncal and head movement
F AKA vestibulo-cerebellum = balance and posture
S - vermis + intermediate zones.
int = sensory control of limb movements, gait
C = sensory control of complex, adaptive hand and eye movement

Question 7

inputs to cerebellum

Answer 7

pontine nucleus
Inferiro olive
mossy fiber
climbing fiber

Question 8

pontine nucelsi

Answer 8

from pons . input from cerebral cortex, output of mossy fibers to cerebellum

Question 9

inferior olive

Answer 9

brainstem, neurons synapse on IO, IO project climbing fibers to cerebellum

Question 10

mossy fiber

Answer 10

from spinal cord & brain = provide state info

Question 11

climbing fiber

Answer 11

from IO, strongest activity during acquisition of motor sklls/novel task.effect on purkinje cells.

Question 12

all output from cerebellum =?

Answer 12

inhibitory

Question 13

basket cell lateral inhibition

Answer 13

inhibit purkinje cells next to it.

Question 14

mossy fiber

Answer 14

excite purkinje cell.

Question 15

climbing fiber

Answer 15

elicit complex spike to produce timing cues or vary sensitivity of purkinje.

Question 16

outputs from cerebellum

Answer 16

• purkinje via cerebellar nuclei to brain
• inhibit nuclei to which they project.
• alternat “side loop” if want to excite.

Question 17

cerebellum - theories of function

1. timing, sequencing
2. gain control
3. balance
4. eye movement
5. attention, cognition
6. motor learning

Answer 17

1. correct msucle activation. lesion = decomposition of movement
2. control of input-output response.
3. lesion = body say
4. hypertremia, involuntary oscillations of eye
5. cerebellum active during cogntiive tasks
6. generation of new motor programs.

Question 18

motor learnign in cerebellm studied

• after cerebellar damage how is motor learning affected?
• marr/albus theory

Answer 18

• reduced/abolished motor learning.
  cerebellum maps kinematic states into motor commands.
• learn from experience to map states into motor commands.
  parallel fiber = delay line
  climbing fiber = set gains of purkinje

Question 19

evidence for climbing fibers being teacher for purkinje

Answer 19

mediate complex spike in purknje during motor task learning, return to baseline was learnt.
causes sensitivity of parallel fiber synapses on purkinje to be modifies

Question 20

evidence for state processor role o cerebellum:

Answer 20

cerebellum areas process sensory signals to ID kinematic state in relatino to tasks and enviro are enlarged.

Question 21

BG functions

Answer 21

movement initiation

context-dependent selection of motor programs

Question 22

DeLong model of BG circuitry

Answer 22

Subs Nigra
caudate & putamen
caudate onto GP and SN (inhibitory) act on thalamus (inhibitory) act on supplementary motor.

from putamen -> inhibit GP -> inhibits STN -> excties GPi and GPe

Question 23

PD
mimicked by?
rate theory based on deLong model
treatment?

Answer 23

decreased DA.
MPTP
- GPi & SN overactive = increased inhibition in thalamus => bradykinesia.
L-DOPA, electrical lesions

Question 24

oscillatino theory of BG

Answer 24

abnormal in 10-25 hz = bradykinesia

abnormal burst at 60-80 hz = dyskinesia

Question 25

dyskinesia

• chorea & tourrettes
• hemiballism

Answer 25

C&T = lesion of putamen inhibit GPe - reduce inhibition of thalamus = involuntary movement
hemiballism: withdraw inhibition of thalamus = involuntary movement

Question 26

DBS
stem cells
inhibitor of dopamine breakdown

Answer 26

stem cells - clinical trials ceased.

rasagiline