L8

Question 1

what is myopia

Answer 1

A refractive condition of the eye in which objects are focused in front of the retina.
It is a leading eye abnormality in Singapore & the most common in the world.

Question 2

risk of myopia

Answer 2

More common in Asians as compared to Caucasians

More near work= 2-3x risk

The rate of progression increase in at a younger age.

Genetics relations:
1 parent = 3x risk
Both parents = 6x risk

Question 3

what are methods of myopia control

Answer 3

Behavioral Modification
Contact lenses: Orthokeratology
Bifocals
Multi-focals
Pharmaceuticals

Question 4

what are pharmaceutical methods of myopia control

Answer 4

Atropine:
Acts on M receptors

Pirenzepine:
Acts on M1 receptors. Found usually (but NOT exclusively) in neural cells like in the retina.

Muscarinic (M) receptors: There are 5 M receptors (M1-M5)

Question 5

what is the concentration of atropine available

Answer 5

0.5%
0.1%
0.01%

Based on a recent study, 0.01% was found to be the most effective in controlling myopia progression with minimal side effects.