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FHB Endocrinology > L70-Hypothalamic Pituitary Relationship > Flashcards

L70-Hypothalamic Pituitary Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located?

A

below thalamus between the lamina terminals and mammillary bodies, forming the floor of 3rd ventricle

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus secrete?

A

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

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3
Q

What is the median eminence?

A

Floor of hypothalamus that acts as convergence point for axons

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4
Q

What are the hypothalamic nuclei?

A 
PVN: paraventricular Nucleus
POA: Preoptic Nucleus
ARC: Arcuate Nucleus
SCN: Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
SON: Supraoptic nucleus
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5
Q

Which nucleus secretes GnRH?

A

POA: preoptic nucleus

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6
Q

What nucleus secretes CRH?

A

PVN: paraventricular/Parvocellular

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7
Q

What nucelus secretes TRH?

A

PVN: paraventricular

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8
Q

What nucleus secrete GHRH?

A

Arcuate Nucleus

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9
Q

What nucleus secretes soatostatin?

A

PeVN : periventricular

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10
Q

What nucleus secretes Dopamin?

A

Arcuate nucleus

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11
Q

Which peptide hormones use the cAMP second messenger pathway?

A

CRH, GHRH, Somatostatin

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12
Q

Which peptide hormones use the IP3/DAG/PKC pathway?

A

TRH, GnRH,

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13
Q

How is GnRH released?

A

Pulsatile manner and acts through GPCRs

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14
Q

What is Kallman Syndrome?

A

Genetic disease where GnRH neurons fail to enter CNS
Leads to reproductive failure and anosmia
Can be X linked (Kal1) or Autosomal (Kal2)
GnRH neurons are arrested at the cribiform plate in X linked Kallman Syndrome

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15
Q

Describe the sequence of events in which GnRH activate gonadotrophs

A

GnRH released from hypophyseal portal system -> bind to GnRH receptor (GPCR) -> activate PLC -> form IP3 and DAG -> mobilize intracellular calcium and activate PKC-> increased LH/FSH release and synthesis

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16
Q

How does GnRH pulse frequency determine LH or FSH transcription?

A

High GnRH pulse frequency-> LH(Beta) transcription

Low GnRH Pulse Frequency-> FSH (beta) transcription

17
Q

Which hormones share the same alpha subunit?

A

FSH-B, LH-B, TSH-B, hCG-B

18
Q

What is the pituitary blood supply?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery give rise to capillary plexus in anterior pituitary -> primary capillary plexus in median eminence-> hypophyseal portal veins -> secondary capillary pelxus in pars distalis

Inferior hypophysial artery supplies posterior pituitary

19
Q

What are the 2 major pathways between the hypothalamus and pituitary?

A

Tuberoinfundibular System: neurons sending axonal projections to median eminence with hormones targeting anterior pituitary

Neurohypophysial Tract: Neurons whose axons terminate in posterior pituitary

20
Q

What makes up the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars Distalis (90%)
Pars Tuberalis
Pars Intermedia

21
Q

What makes up the Posterior Pituitary

A

Pars Nervosa

Infundibulum

22
Q

How is the tissue between anterior and posteiror pituitaries different?

A

Anterior pituitary is glandular tissue from embryonic foregut

Posterior pituitary is neural tissue from neuroectoderm

23
Q

What neurons have their axons terminate in the neurohypophysis of the posterior pituitary

A

Magnocellular Neurons

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the posterior pituitary?

A

Inferior hypophysial artery

25
Q

What are the major hormones released from the posterior pituitary

A

AVP and Oxytocin

26
Q

What are Herring Bodies?

A

Dilations of unmyelinated axons near the terminals found in the neural tissue in the posterior pituitary; This is where hormones are released and are close to fenestrated capillaries

27
Q

What are pituicytes?

A

glial like cells of the posterior pituitary

28
Q

What cell types are found in the anterior pituitary and how do they stain?

A

Acidophils(lght): somatotrophs, lactotrophs
Basophils(dark): Corticotrophs, Gonadotrophs, Thyrotrophs
Chromophobes(clear): Paracrine actions

29
Q

What do the acidophils secrete?

A

Somatotrophs: GH
Lactotrophs: Prolactin (lactation)

30
Q

What do the basophils secrete?

A

Corticotrophs: ACTH (stress)
Gonadotrophs: FSH, LH
Thyrotrophs: TSH

31
Q

How are the anterior pituitary hormone cell types regionally distributed?

A

TSH centrally and anterior
ACTH centrally and middle and posterior
GH/PRL: anterior to posterior on the sides

FHB Endocrinology (10 decks)

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