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Renal > L7: Pharmacology of the kidney > Flashcards

L7: Pharmacology of the kidney Flashcards

1
Q

ACEi act on the afferent or efferent arteriole?

A

efferent

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2
Q

How do ACEi work?

A

Block conversion of AT1 to AT2 and so inhibits the vasoconstrictive effects of AT2 causing vasodilation. They also remove sodium and water

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3
Q

Side effects of ACEi?

A

Hypotension

Hyperkalaemia

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4
Q 
Which of the following are ACEi and which are ARBs?
Ramipril
Irbesartan
Valsartan
Lisinopril
A

Ramipril- ACEi
Lisinopril- ACEi
Valsartan- ARB
Irbesartan-ARB

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5
Q

What two things stimulate renin secretion?

A

Macula densa

Sympathetic tone

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6
Q

Loop diuretics inhibit the uptake of 4 molecules, what are these?

A

Sodium
Water
Chloride
Potassium

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7
Q

Side effects of loop diuretics are…

A

Hypovolaemia

Hypokalaemia

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8
Q

What is the function of thiazides?

A

Inhibits sodium uptake by removing sodium and water

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9
Q

Name a side effect of thiazides?

A

Hypovolaemia

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10
Q

How does spironolactone work?

A

Inhibits aldosterone prevents sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium

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11
Q

Side effect of spironolactone?

A

Hyperkalaemia

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12
Q

How does Amiloride work?

A

Inhibits sodium reabsorption for potassium

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13
Q

Name a side effect of Amiloride.

A

Hyperkalaemia

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14
Q

WHat group of drugs are : furosemide, thiazide, amiloride?

A

Diuretics

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15
Q

How does a vitamin D analogue work?

A

Increase uptake of calcium (GOOD) and phosphate (BAD) from gut

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16
Q

What effect does CKD have on Ca levels?

A 
Decrease activated vitamin D
Decrease Ca
Increase parathyroid hormone
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Release Ca from bone
Bone disease
17
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

Stimulates the production of RBCs (erythropoiesis) which is normally stimulated under hypoxia

18
Q

Define erythropoiesis

A

Production of red blood cells

19
Q

WHy should non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be avoided in patients with CKS?

A

The inhibit prostaglandins which would normally have a vasodilatary effect on the afferent arteriole.

20
Q

Why should ACE inhibitors be monitored so tightly in patients with CKD?

A

ACE inhibitors remove the vasoconstriction effects of the efferent arteriole. This consequently decreases the pressure and as a result the GFR.

21
Q

Many doses of drugs should be altered in patients with CKD, why is this?

A

The kidneys normally remove various drugs from the blood stream, accumulation of drugs can often occur in patients with CKD.

22
Q

Accumulation of digoxin can cause…

A

bradycardia, visual disturbances, mental confusion, hyperkalaemia

Renal (9 decks)

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