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TDTS04 > L7. Describe 7 ”bad things” that can happen with a packet on the Internet. What are solutions to those problems? > Flashcards

L7. Describe 7 ”bad things” that can happen with a packet on the Internet. What are solutions to those problems? Flashcards

1
Q

What are 7 bad things that can happen to a packet?

A
  1. Packet loss
  2. Packet corruption
  3. Packet reordering
  4. Packet duplication
  5. Packet fragmentation
  6. Packet delay
  7. Packet interception
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2
Q

What is packet loss?

A

When packets get dropped in transit

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3
Q

What causes packet loss?

A

Congestion, transmission errors, faulty hardware

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4
Q

What is the solution to packet loss?

A

Error Detection and Retransmission: Protocols like TCP use acknowledgments (ACKs) and timeouts to detect lost packets and trigger retransmission.

Quality of Service (QoS): Implementing QoS mechanisms to prioritize critical traffic can reduce packet loss during congestion.

Network Redundancy: Using redundant paths and failover mechanisms can mitigate packet loss caused by hardware failures.

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5
Q

What is packet corruption?

A

When data within a packet is altered due to transmission errors

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6
Q

What causes packet corruption?

A

Interference or faulty hardware

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7
Q

What is the solution to packet corruption?

A

Error Detection Codes: Implementing checksums or cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) to detect corrupted packets.

Error Correction: Techniques like Forward Error Correction (FEC) can allow the receiver to detect and correct some errors without needing retransmission.

Reliable Transmission Protocols: Protocols like TCP detect corrupted packets and request retransmission.

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8
Q

What is packet reordering?

A

When packets arrive out of order, which can cause issues with data integrity and processing

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9
Q

What causes packet reordering?

A

Different paths being taken through the network

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10
Q

What is the solution to packet reordering?

A

Sequence Numbers: Protocols like TCP use sequence numbers to reorder packets correctly at the receiver.

Buffering: The receiver can buffer out-of-order packets until missing packets arrive to ensure data is processed in the correct order.

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11
Q

What is packet duplication?

A

When the same packet is received multiple times

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12
Q

What causes packet duplication?

A

Network errors or retransmission mechanisms.

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13
Q

What is the solution to packet duplication?

A

Duplicate Detection: Protocols like TCP use sequence numbers and acknowledgments to detect and discard duplicate packets.

Network Configuration: Ensuring proper network configuration and reducing retransmission attempts can minimize packet duplication.

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14
Q

What is packet fragmentation?

A

When packets are divided into smaller pieces to accommodate smaller Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) sizes on intermediate networks. Fragmentation can lead to inefficiencies and potential loss of fragments.

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15
Q

What causes packet fragmentation?

A

Packet size exceeding Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) sizes on intermediate networks

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16
Q

What is the solution to packet fragmentation?

A

Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD): PMTUD helps determine the smallest MTU along the path to avoid fragmentation.

Avoiding Fragmentation: Protocols and applications can be designed to send packets that fit within the MTU limits, avoiding fragmentation altogether.

17
Q

What is packet delay?

A

Packet delay, or latency, is the time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to the destination. High latency can cause delays in communication, affecting real-time applications.

18
Q

What causes packet delay?

A

Overhead, queueing, congestion, bottlenecks, distance, bad routing

19
Q

What is the solution to packet delay?

A

Network Optimization: Improving routing algorithms and optimizing path selection can reduce latency.

Edge Computing: Deploying content closer to users via edge servers can decrease the distance packets need to travel.

QoS and Traffic Shaping: Implementing QoS policies to prioritize low-latency traffic and using traffic shaping to manage congestion.

20
Q

What is packet interception?

A

When malicious actors intercept packets during transmission, leading to data breaches, eavesdropping, and loss of sensitive information.

21
Q

What causes packet interception?

A

Insufficient security

22
Q

What is the solution to packet interception?

A

Encryption: Using encryption protocols like TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt packet contents ensures that intercepted packets cannot be easily read.

Secure Protocols: Implementing secure versions of protocols (e.g., HTTPS instead of HTTP) to protect data in transit.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): VPNs create secure tunnels for data transmission, protecting packets from interception.

TDTS04 (54 decks)

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