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Alternative Energy Systems > [L7]_Hydroelectricity Systems > Flashcards

[L7]_Hydroelectricity Systems Flashcards

1
Q

ENGY-775

What are the three (3) required components for a Pump Storage Hydroelectric plant?

[L7]

A
  1. Upper Storage Water Basin
  2. Hydroelectric Turbo-Generator
  3. Lower Storage Water Basin

[L7]

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2
Q

ENGY-775

Which axis is the Roman Mill water wheel?

[L7]

A

Horizontal Axis

[L7]

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3
Q

ENGY-775

What is the earliest hydro prime mover invented over 5,000 years ago?

[L7]

A

The earliest prime mover device was the Noria.

[L7]

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4
Q

ENGY-775

What is the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world by capacity?

[L7]

A

The Three Gorges Dam in China is currently the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world by capacity, with a capacity of 22,500 megawatts.

[L7]

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5
Q

ENGY-775

What are guide vanes in a hydroelectric turbine?

[L7]

A

Guide vanes on the turbine smooth water flow to boost turbine efficiency.

[L7]

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6
Q

ENGY-775

What is the economically viable amount of energy able to be built for hydroelectric power in the world?

[L7]

A

The economically practical global potential of built hydroelectric power plants are 16,000 TWH/hr.

[L7]

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7
Q

ENGY-775

How many cubic meters of water does Hoover Damn hold back from Lake Mead?

[L7]

A

35-Billion Cubic Meters of Water

[L7]

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8
Q

ENGY-775

When and where was the first pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant built?

[L7]

A

The first pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant was built in 1929 in Switzerland.

[L7]

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9
Q

ENGY-775

What are the three (3) types of watermills used in 1650 to 1800?

[L7]

A
  1. Overshot
  2. Undershot
  3. Breastshot

[L7]

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10
Q

ENGY-775

What is the role of pumped-storage hydroelectric power plants in grid stability?

[L7]

A

Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations can balance intermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar with flexible, dispatchable output.

[L7]

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11
Q

ENGY-775

Name the three (3) modern types of hydropower turbines.

[L7]

A
  1. Pelton Turbine
  2. Francis Turbine
  3. Propeller Turbine

[L7]

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12
Q

ENGY-775

What is the typical turbo-generator device efficiency range?

[L7]

A

75% to 95% Eff

[L7]

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13
Q

ENGY-775

Who created the hydro turbine concept which lead to the hydroelectric turbine development in the future?

[L7]

A

Benoit Fourneyron

[L7]

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14
Q

ENGY-775

How much energy does Earth’s entire hydrological system potentially produce per year?

[L7]

A

1.08-million Exajoules/year

[L7]

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15
Q

ENGY-775

Where and when was the world’s first hydroelectric power plant built?

[L7]

A

The world’s first hydroelectric power plant was built in 1879 on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin.

[L7]

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16
Q

ENGY-775

Name six (6) positives regarding Hydroelectric Power Plants.

[L7]

A
  1. Up to 60% efficiency
  2. Long Life Span
  3. Control Flooding
  4. No pollution
  5. No depletion of natural resources
  6. Fuel Independent

[L7]

17
Q

ENGY-775

What are the three (3) types of effective head systems regarding hydroelectric power systems?

[L7]

A
  1. Low Head (Less than 10 meters)
  2. Medium Head (11 to 99 meters)
  3. High Head (More than 100 meters)

[L7]

18
Q

ENGY-775

How does small-scale hydroelectric power generation differ from large-scale hydroelectric power generation?

[L7]

A

Small-scale hydroelectric power generation uses turbines on irrigation canals, whereas large-scale uses dams and reservoirs.

[L7]

19
Q

ENGY-775

What is the most famous hydroelectric damn in the USA?

[L7]

A

The 1936 Boulder Dam, now the Hoover Dam, is 220 meters tall and draws water from Lake Mead.

[L7]

20
Q

ENGY-775

What is the Noria?

[L7]

A

The Noria was a water paddle wheel that dipped into a flowing stream and would raise jars of water into an irrigation channel.

[L7]

21
Q

ENGY-775

What modern day american engineer invented inward-flow radial turbines?

[L7]

A

James Francis

[L7]

22
Q

ENGY-775

What is the typical efficiency of an entire hydroelectric power plant?

[L7]

A

Hydroelectric power plants are one of the most efficient electricity generators with 90% efficiency.

[L7]

23
Q

ENGY-775

How was Fourneyron’s turbine concept revolutionary?

[L7]

A

Fourneyron’s turbine concept changed the hydropower wheel landscape from horizontal to vertical axis and added submerged outward flow guided vanes to increase power output.

[L7]

24
Q

ENGY-775

What is the equation for shaft power of a hydroelectric pump?

[L7]

A

Ps(kW) = Ph(kW)/η

[L7]

25
Q

ENGY-775

What are the four (4) characteristics required for a hydroelectric plant project?

[L7]

A
  1. Effective head of Water (H)
  2. Capacity - The rated power output (P)
  3. Type of Turbine assessed
  4. The location and type of dam, reservoir, or stream utilized (Dictates Flow Available, Q)

[L7]

26
Q

ENGY-775

What is the primary advantage of pumped-storage hydroelectric power plants?

[L7]

A

Pumped-storage hydroelectric power facilities assist manage the grid and integrate renewable energy by storing excess energy generated during low demand and releasing it during high demand.

[L7]

27
Q

ENGY-775

What is a Turbo-Generator?

[L7]

A

A turbo-generator is a water turbine connected to a generator’s rotor by a shaft.

[L7]

28
Q

ENGY-775

What is the available power equation for hydroelectric power plants?

[L7]

A

P = (η)x(ρ)x(Q)x(g)x(h)

[L7]

29
Q

ENGY-775

How does a closed-loop pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant work?

[L7]

A

A pipeline connects the higher and lower reservoirs of a closed-loop pumped-storage hydroelectric power plant, reusing water.

[L7]

30
Q

ENGY-775

Name six (6) negatives regarding Hydroelectric Power Plants.

[L7]

A
  1. Displaces many people
  2. Expensive capital cost
  3. Sedimentation requires dredging
  4. Impact wildlife such assalmon
  5. Structural Failure Hazard Potential
  6. River silt accumulation

[L7]

Alternative Energy Systems (6 decks)

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