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Question 1

What is the mRNA code interpreted by?

Answer 1

tRNAs interpret the mRNA codon and attach the correct AA to the growing peptide chain

Question 2

What does ribosome do in RNA translation?

Answer 2

Ribosomes interpret the code. They bring the tRNA and mRNA together.
Decode the message provided by the mRNA

Question 3

Summary of translation intiation

Answer 3

Ribosomal subunits scans the RNA from 5’
Carries initiator tRNA and initiation factors
Large subunit joins

Question 4

Are the 5’ and 3’ next to each other or apart?

Answer 4

Next to each other

Question 5

What is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 5

Insertion/deletion of any number of nucleotides that is not a multiple of 3.

Question 6

What is a mis-sense mutation and what is a clinical example?

Answer 6

Replacement of 1 base changing the AA.

Sickle cell anemia

Question 7

What is a non-sense mutation and what is a clinical example?

Answer 7

Premature stop codon.

Beta thalassemia

Question 8

Outline the regulation of gene expression by miRNAs

Answer 8

Precursor miRNA goes from the nucleus to the cytosol
RISC proteins are formed with single stranded miRNA
Complmentary target mRNA extensive match leads to mRNA rapidly degraded
Less extensive match leads to translation reduction, mRNA sequestered and eventually degraded

Question 9

What can loss of microRNA expression cause?

Answer 9

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Question 10

What can miRNA be associated with?

Answer 10

Human cancer

Question 11

What else can miRNA be used for? (think medical uses)

Answer 11

Biomarkers