L6 - multimorbidity Flashcards
1
Q
what are CNCDs?
A
chronic non-communicable diseases
-e.g. CVD, cancer, chronic respiratory condition and type 2 diabetes
2
Q
how many deaths do CNCDs cause
A
cause 60% of deaths worldwide
3
Q
what can insulin resistance lead to?
A
- atherosclerosis
- type 2 diabetes
- endothelial dysfunction
- visceral obesity
- systemic inflammation
- hypertension
4
Q
when is there an increased relative risk of CVD?
A
In type 2 diabetes compared to normal or pre-diabetic states
5
Q
what are cardiometabolic risk factors?
A
they tend to cluster
- also similar RFs for cancer
- smoking, obesity/abdominal adiposity and inflammation
6
Q
what type of cancers risk increases with metabolic disorders?
A
cancer of the womb, breast and bowel
7
Q
give the 3 main ways metabolic dysfunction could be causal to cancer?
A
- oestrogen - after menopause oestrogen made by fat cells can make cells multiply faster in the breast and womb
- insulin+ other growth hormones - excess fat can cause levels of insulin and other GFs to increase (cells divide)
- inflammation - cells in fat - macrophages- release cytokines and encourage cells to divide
(large collection of fat cells - immune cells gather to clean up - inflammatory response- cytokines - proliferation.
