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Unit 2 Clin Med Lab > L6: Infectious Disease > Flashcards

L6: Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

organism which is gram variable

A

Gardnerella vaginosis

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2
Q

KOH prep shows

A

fungi

elastin

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3
Q

Tzank prep stain

A

Giemsa stain
-or-
Wright stain

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4
Q

To test for Herpes Virus

A

Tzank prep: multinucleated cells

Immunofluorescence more commonly used

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5
Q

India ink looks for

A

cryptococcus

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6
Q

Gram (-) spirochetes can be seen with

A

direct visualization

too thin to be cultered or gram stained

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7
Q

Gram (-) spirochetes

A

Syphilis

T pallium

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8
Q

How to test for syphilis (2)

A
  1. Venereal disease Research Laboratory (VDRL):
    a. CSF test
    b. Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)
  2. Rapid Plasma Reagin: Serum test for syphilis
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9
Q

Latex agglutination assay tests for

A

Pathogen specific antibodies/antigens

Meningococcal capsular antigen in CSF

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10
Q

Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) test for

A

antibodies

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11
Q

How long does it take for an immune response to develop and antibodies to appear

A

2 weeks

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12
Q

Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) tests for

A

antibodies, ANA antibody

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13
Q

Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAAT)/Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test for

A

Bacterial/viral DNA or RNA, faster than ELISA

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14
Q

Acid fast bacilli test for

A

TB (less sensitive)

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15
Q

Acid fast bacilli sample

A

sputum smear

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16
Q

Elisa sample

A

Serum

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17
Q

most sensitive and specific TB test

A

Mycobacterial culture

18
Q

in who is a PPD test falsely negative

A

immunocompromised

19
Q

For people with patient contact, PPD is done

A

Twice, repeat in 8-10 weeks

20
Q

Fluids generally considered to be sterile

A

CSF, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial fluids

21
Q

Is clean catch urine sterile

A

no

22
Q

Broth (tube) microdilution method pros

A

MIC

23
Q

Broth (tube) microdilution method cons

A

high cost, miniature size of dilution analyses less bacteria

24
Q

Agar dilution test

A

Multiple plates and multiple samples on a single set of plates

25
Q

Agar dilution test is reserved for

A

reserved for resistant species or ones that require special growth conditions, (expensive and labor intensive)
DOES provide MICs

26
Q

Disk diffusion test (Kirby-Bauer method)

A

Agar plate with filter paper disks containing fixed concentration of abx→ measure growth inhibition zones

27
Q

Disk diffusion test aka

A

Kirby-Bauer method

28
Q

Does the disk diffusion test give you an MIC?

A

NO.
Tells: Susceptible, intermediate, or resistant
as measured by growth inhibition zones

29
Q

Antimicrobial gradient method

A

Agar+plastic strips imbedded with a graded concentration of antimicrobial→ growth inhibition along strip is measured

30
Q

Does the antimicrobial gradient method tell MIC?

A

Yes

by identifying intersection of growth inhibition with gradient

31
Q

How to collect blood for blood cultures

A

2 specimens from 2 different sites (NOT IV) collected before starting abx
(notify lab if abx started)

32
Q

Blood cultures are used to diagnose/treat

A 
Bacteremia
1 (+) + 1 (-) → contamination
2 (+) → (+)
Prelim report: 24 hours
ID organism: 24-72 hours
33
Q

When should a blood culture be repeated within 48 hours of beginning antibiotics?

A 
IF: 
S aureus
Known/suspected endocarditis
Persistent leukocytosis
Prosthetic valvular grafts
Cardiac pacemakers 
Abx-resistant pathogens
Unknown source,
Infection site with limited abx penetration (abscess, joint space, CNS, abdomen)
34
Q

Mesothelial cells

A

thick layer of connective tissue lining body cavities and organs

35
Q

line body cavities

A

Parietal membranes

36
Q

surround organs

A

Visceral membranes

37
Q

Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity due to filtration of blood serum across a physiologically intact wall

A

transudative effusion

38
Q

Accumulation of fluid within a body cavity due to inflammation and vascular wall damage

A

exudative effusion

39
Q

Transudative effusion is caused by

A

Systemic disease→ pressure differences

CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

Exudative effusion is caused by

A

Malignancy, infection, inflammatory disorder, trauma

41
Q

Lab testing of effusions

A

Transudative: no further
Exudative: further testing to rule out cause, compare fluid to serum

Unit 2 Clin Med Lab (8 decks)

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