L6 - functional groups Flashcards
what happens if a 1 alcohol is oxidised
1 alcohol —[O]—aldehyde —[O]— carboxylic acid
what happens if a 2 alcohol is oxidised
ketone
can a 3 alcohol be oxidised
no
how does chain length affect alcohol solubility
longer chain - less soluble
do alcohols or respective alkanes have higher b.p and why
alcohols
dipole interactions & H bonding
what is the name of the forces responsible for alkanes b.p
dispersion forces
under what reaction is a disulfide bond formed
oxidation
what is a thiol functional group
-SH
does thiol or respective alkane have higher b.p and why
thiol
due to dipole interactions
does thiol or respective alkene have higher b.p and why
alkene
due to H bonds
are ethers soluble in water?
moderately
can ethers form H bonds to each other?
no
do ethers or alcohols have higher bp and why
alcohols
ethers cant form H bonds to eachother
do ethers or alkanes have a higher b.p
ethers
are thioethers or ethers more reactive
thioethers
what is a thioether?
an ether but O replaced with S
an S attached to two alkyl chains
example of a thioether
methionine
do alcohols or aldehydes/ketones have higher b.p
alcohols
aldehydes/ketones cant form H bonds to own molecule
why cant ethers/aldehydes/ketones form H bonds to each other but they can to water?
they don’t have any polar H’s, only the O
the H is provided by water
features of carboxylic acids
resonance
proton donors
water soluble
can form H bonds to other carboxylic acids
do carboxylic acids have higher bp than alkanes and alcohols?
yes
in what reaction is an ester formed
condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid
what is thioester
ester where O (that isnt = bonded) is replaced by S
are esters or thioesters more reactive
thioesters
what amines can show optical isomerism
2 and 3
is interconversion between amine enantiomers possible?
yes as energy barrier is relatively low due to lone pair
do amines or alcohols have a higher b.p and why
alcohols
stronger H bonds
in what reaction are amides formed
condensation
why to amides have the highest b.p of all discussed?
they can form H bonds at the H and O
what is guanidinium group
cation stabilised by resonance
highly basic
features of guanidium group
very high pKa
strong base
charge strongly delocalised
can form multiple H bonds
what molecule contains a guanidinium group
arginine
