L6 - functional groups

Question 1

what happens if a 1 alcohol is oxidised

Answer 1

1 alcohol —[O]—aldehyde —[O]— carboxylic acid

Question 2

what happens if a 2 alcohol is oxidised

Answer 2

ketone

Question 3

can a 3 alcohol be oxidised

Answer 3

no

Question 4

how does chain length affect alcohol solubility

Answer 4

longer chain - less soluble

Question 5

do alcohols or respective alkanes have higher b.p and why

Answer 5

alcohols

dipole interactions & H bonding

Question 6

what is the name of the forces responsible for alkanes b.p

Answer 6

dispersion forces

Question 7

under what reaction is a disulfide bond formed

Answer 7

oxidation

Question 8

what is a thiol functional group

Answer 8

-SH

Question 9

does thiol or respective alkane have higher b.p and why

Answer 9

thiol

due to dipole interactions

Question 10

does thiol or respective alkene have higher b.p and why

Answer 10

alkene

due to H bonds

Question 11

are ethers soluble in water?

Answer 11

moderately

Question 12

can ethers form H bonds to each other?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

do ethers or alcohols have higher bp and why

Answer 13

alcohols

ethers cant form H bonds to eachother

Question 14

do ethers or alkanes have a higher b.p

Answer 14

ethers

Question 15

are thioethers or ethers more reactive

Answer 15

thioethers

Question 16

what is a thioether?

Answer 16

an ether but O replaced with S

an S attached to two alkyl chains

Question 17

example of a thioether

Answer 17

methionine

Question 18

do alcohols or aldehydes/ketones have higher b.p

Answer 18

alcohols

aldehydes/ketones cant form H bonds to own molecule

Question 19

why cant ethers/aldehydes/ketones form H bonds to each other but they can to water?

Answer 19

they don’t have any polar H’s, only the O

the H is provided by water

Question 20

features of carboxylic acids

Answer 20

resonance
proton donors
water soluble
can form H bonds to other carboxylic acids

Question 21

do carboxylic acids have higher bp than alkanes and alcohols?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

in what reaction is an ester formed

Answer 22

condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid

Question 23

what is thioester

Answer 23

ester where O (that isnt = bonded) is replaced by S

Question 24

are esters or thioesters more reactive

Answer 24

thioesters

Question 25

what amines can show optical isomerism

Answer 25

2 and 3

Question 26

is interconversion between amine enantiomers possible?

Answer 26

yes as energy barrier is relatively low due to lone pair

Question 27

do amines or alcohols have a higher b.p and why

Answer 27

alcohols

stronger H bonds

Question 28

in what reaction are amides formed

Answer 28

condensation

Question 29

why to amides have the highest b.p of all discussed?

Answer 29

they can form H bonds at the H and O

Question 30

what is guanidinium group

Answer 30

cation stabilised by resonance

highly basic

Question 31

features of guanidium group

Answer 31

very high pKa
strong base
charge strongly delocalised
can form multiple H bonds

Question 32

what molecule contains a guanidinium group

Answer 32

arginine