L6 - Anemia

Question 1

What is anemia?

Answer 1

Reduction in RBC mass

Can be acquired or congenital

Question 2

What are the sx of anemia?

Answer 2

Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pre syncopal sx, pale conjunctiva, pale skin

Question 3

What is the normal range for Hb?

Answer 3

Males 14-18

Females 12-16

Question 4

A reticulocyte index greater than 2 indicates what?

Answer 4

Adequate bone marrow response to anemia

Question 5

What value determines microcytic anemia?

Answer 5

<78

Question 6

What value determines normocytic anemia?

Answer 6

78-98

Question 7

What value determines macrocytic anemia?

Answer 7

> 98

Question 8

What is the red cell distribution width (RDW)?

Answer 8

Measures degree of variation among size of RBCs

Increased RDW means increased variability of RBCs

Question 9

What are some clues to hemolysis?

Answer 9

Lactate dehydrogenase (enzyme found in the blood and tissue) 
Indirect/unconjugated bilirubin (breakdown production of RBCs)
Haptoglobin (plasma protein that binds to free Hb)

Question 10

What is ferritin?

Answer 10

Iron storage protein

Proportional to iron levels

Question 11

What is transferrin?

Answer 11

Circulating iron transport protein (increased in IDA)

Synonymous with total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Question 12

What is transferrin saturation (TSAT)?

Answer 12

Serum iron/TIBC x100

Question 13

If anemia is present and the reticulocyte count is high what does this indicate?

Answer 13

Not a supply issue
Acute blood loss or consumption issue
Increased LDH and bilirubin with decreased haptoglobin

Question 14

What are causes of microcytic anemia?

Answer 14

IDA, thalassemia, SCD, sideroblastic anemia

Question 15

What are causes of normocytic anemia?

Answer 15

ACD
Renal disease
Blood loss

Question 16

What are some causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 16

Folate/B12 deficiency 
Hypothyroidism 
Low testosterone 
EtOH (alcoholism) 
MDS

Question 17

What are the warning signs for hypovolemic shock?

Answer 17

High pulse, low BP, pallor, tachycardia, cool extremities

Question 18

What blood type can type O patients receive?

Answer 18

Group O

Question 19

What blood type can type A patients receive?

Answer 19

Group A and O

Question 20

What blood type can type B patients receive?

Answer 20

Type B and O

Question 21

What blood type can type AB patients receive?

Answer 21

O, A, B and AB

Question 22

What types of plasma can patients with type O blood receive?

Answer 22

Group O, A, B and AB

Question 23

What type of plasma can pts with type A blood receive?

Answer 23

A and AB

Question 24

What type of plasma can patients with type B blood receive?

Answer 24

B and AB

Question 25

What type of plasma can patients with type AB blood receive?

Answer 25

AB

Question 26

Which Abs are present on type A blood?

Answer 26

Anti B

Question 27

Which Abs are present on type B blood?

Answer 27

Anti A

Question 28

Which Abs are present on type AB blood?

Answer 28

None

Question 29

Which Abs are present on type O blood?

Answer 29

Anti A and anti B

Question 30

Which antigens are present on type A blood?

Answer 30

A antigen

Question 31

Which antigens are present on type B blood?

Answer 31

Antigen B

Question 32

Which antigens are present on type AB blood?

Answer 32

A and B antigens

Question 33

Which antigens are present on type O blood?

Answer 33

None

Question 34

Which blood type is the universal recipient for plasma?

Answer 34

Type O

Question 35

Which blood type is the universal donor for RBCs?

Answer 35

Type O-

Question 36

Which blood type is the universal donor for plasma?

Answer 36

AB

Question 37

Which blood type is the universal recipient for RBCs?

Answer 37

AB+