L6 - Anemia Flashcards
What is anemia?
Reduction in RBC mass
Can be acquired or congenital
What are the sx of anemia?
Fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, pre syncopal sx, pale conjunctiva, pale skin
What is the normal range for Hb?
Males 14-18
Females 12-16
A reticulocyte index greater than 2 indicates what?
Adequate bone marrow response to anemia
What value determines microcytic anemia?
<78
What value determines normocytic anemia?
78-98
What value determines macrocytic anemia?
> 98
What is the red cell distribution width (RDW)?
Measures degree of variation among size of RBCs
Increased RDW means increased variability of RBCs
What are some clues to hemolysis?
Lactate dehydrogenase (enzyme found in the blood and tissue) Indirect/unconjugated bilirubin (breakdown production of RBCs) Haptoglobin (plasma protein that binds to free Hb)
What is ferritin?
Iron storage protein
Proportional to iron levels
What is transferrin?
Circulating iron transport protein (increased in IDA)
Synonymous with total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
What is transferrin saturation (TSAT)?
Serum iron/TIBC x100
If anemia is present and the reticulocyte count is high what does this indicate?
Not a supply issue
Acute blood loss or consumption issue
Increased LDH and bilirubin with decreased haptoglobin
What are causes of microcytic anemia?
IDA, thalassemia, SCD, sideroblastic anemia
What are causes of normocytic anemia?
ACD
Renal disease
Blood loss
What are some causes of macrocytic anemia?
Folate/B12 deficiency Hypothyroidism Low testosterone EtOH (alcoholism) MDS
What are the warning signs for hypovolemic shock?
High pulse, low BP, pallor, tachycardia, cool extremities
What blood type can type O patients receive?
Group O
What blood type can type A patients receive?
Group A and O
What blood type can type B patients receive?
Type B and O
What blood type can type AB patients receive?
O, A, B and AB
What types of plasma can patients with type O blood receive?
Group O, A, B and AB
What type of plasma can pts with type A blood receive?
A and AB
What type of plasma can patients with type B blood receive?
B and AB
What type of plasma can patients with type AB blood receive?
AB
Which Abs are present on type A blood?
Anti B
Which Abs are present on type B blood?
Anti A
Which Abs are present on type AB blood?
None
Which Abs are present on type O blood?
Anti A and anti B
Which antigens are present on type A blood?
A antigen
Which antigens are present on type B blood?
Antigen B
Which antigens are present on type AB blood?
A and B antigens
Which antigens are present on type O blood?
None
Which blood type is the universal recipient for plasma?
Type O
Which blood type is the universal donor for RBCs?
Type O-
Which blood type is the universal donor for plasma?
AB
Which blood type is the universal recipient for RBCs?
AB+
