L55- Ester and amide synthsis

Question 1

what is needed for hydrolysis?

Answer 1

water

Question 2

what does an ester hydrolyse into?

Answer 2

alcohol and carboxylic acid

Question 3

if water is in excess during hydrolysis of an ester equilibrium will shift to….?

Answer 3

the carboxylic acid side

Question 4

if alcohol is in excess during hydrolysis of an ester equilibrium will shift to….?

Answer 4

the ester side

Question 5

for acid catalysed ester formation what is the starting product?

Answer 5

carboxylic acid and alcohol is added in 2nd step

Question 6

explain the acid catalysed ester formation mechanism?

Answer 6

see photos

Question 7

what are the 3 different types of alternative synthesis routes to esters?

Answer 7

From

• acyl chloride
• anhydride
• transesterificaton

Question 8

what is molecules are used to for alternative synthesis routes to ester for acyl chloride?

Answer 8

• methanol

- pyridine

Question 9

what is molecules are used to for alternative synthesis routes to ester for anhydride?

Answer 9

• methanol

- pyridine

Question 10

what is molecules are used to for alternative synthesis routes to ester for transesterifcation?

Answer 10

ethanol in excess and hydrogen

Question 11

what is molecules are used to for alternative synthesis routes to amides for acyl chloride?

Answer 11

CH3NH2 TWICE

Question 12

what is molecules are used to for alternative synthesis routes to ester for anhydride?

Answer 12

CH3NH2 TWICE

Question 13

what is the mechanism for alternative synthesis routes to ester for acyl chloride?

Answer 13

see photo

Question 14

what is the mechanism for alternative synthesis routes to ester from anhydride?

Answer 14

see photo

Question 15

what is the mechanism for alternative synthesis routes to amide from acyl chloride?

Answer 15

see photo

Question 16

what is the mechanism for alternative synthesis routes to amide from anhydride?

Answer 16

see photo