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Clin Med I Exam #2 > L5: Red Eyes > Flashcards

L5: Red Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Excessive tearing

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2
Q

What is chemosis?

A

Conjunctival swelling

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3
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Leukocytic exudate in anterior chamber of eye (white-looking fluid)

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4
Q

What is ciliary flush?

A

Ring of red or violet spreading out from around the cornea of the eye
- Dilated conjunctival and episcleral vessels adjacent and circumferential to corneal limbus

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5
Q

What is hyperemia? What is another name for it?

A

Aka injection: dilated conjunctival vessels

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6
Q

What is proptosis? What is another name for it?

A

Aka Exophthalmos: eye protrusion

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7
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammatory condition of cornea

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8
Q

What is the method of measuring intraocular pressure? What is the normal range?

A

Tonometry: measures intraocular pressure (IOP)

  • Normal is 8-21
  • Ex. is a TonoPen
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9
Q

What condition is characterized by chronic itching/burning/scratching in AM with NO vision changes?

A

Blepharitis

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10
Q

How is Blepharitis treated?

A

Warm compresses, shampoo

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11
Q

If a secondary infection is suspected with Blepharitis, what is the 1st line treatment?

A

Topical ophthalmic ointments (Bacitracin, Erythromycin or Azithromycin)
- 2nd line is oral antibiotics

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12
Q

What condition is characterized by chronic itching/burning/scratching at night with +/- vision changes?

A

Dry Eye

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13
Q

What is the diagnosis for Dry Eye?

A

+ Schirmer Test (blotting paper placed under eyelid to measure tear production)

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14
Q

What condition is characterized by a painful nodule of the eyelid, with swelling? What is this usually caused by?

A

Hordeolum (Cyst)

- Infected eye lash root

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15
Q

What condition is characterized by a typically non-painful nodule of the eyelid? What is this usually caused by?

A

Chalazion

- Clogged oil gland (MGD)

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16
Q

How are Hordeolum and Chalazion treated?

A 
Supportive care (warm compresses)
- Antibiotics if needed
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17
Q

What condition is characterized by inflammation of lacrimal gland causing swelling of outer upper eyelid?

A

Dacryoadenitis

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18
Q

What condition is characterized by lids/lashes everted?

A

Ectropion

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19
Q

What condition is characterized by lids/lashes inverted?

A

Entropion

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20
Q

What condition is characterized by harmless clear, thin tissue covering sclera that does NOT cause vision loss?

A

Pinguecula

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21
Q

What condition is characterized by thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that can interfere with vision?

A

Pterygium

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22
Q

What are the two types of eye cellulitis?

A

Preseptal Cellulitis and Orbital Cellulitis

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23
Q

What condition is characterized by infection of the periorybital tissue with no optic nerve damage, no impairment of vision and no pain with ocular movement?

A

Preseptal Cellulitis

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24
Q

What condition is characterized by infection of the periorybital tissue with optic nerve involvement, +/- impaired vision or impaired/painful ocular movement?

A

Orbital Cellulitis

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25
Q

If outpatient, what is the treatment for eye cellulitis (preseptal and orbital)?

A

Clindamycin OR Bactrim DS

- PLUS Augmentin OR Cefpodoxime

26
Q

If inpatient, what is the treatment for eye cellulitis (preseptal and orbital)?

A

Vancomycin

  • PLUS Ceftriaxone
  • PLUS Metronidazole
27
Q

What condition is characterized by conjunctival inflammation with vision usually affected? What are the three subtypes?

A

Conjunctivitis:

- Viral, bacterial or allergic

28
Q

What two types of Conjunctivitis are acute onset? What is chronic?

A

Acute: viral and bacterial

- Chronic: allergic

29
Q

What is the only type of Conjunctivitis that may present unilaterally?

A

Bacterial

30
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by red, watery discharge (severe injection) with preauricular lymphadenopathy?

A

Viral Conjunctivitis

31
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by thick, yellow/mucopurulent discharge?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

32
Q

What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by mild injection, itching and chemosis with stringy discharge?

A

Allergic Conjunctivitis

33
Q

What is the only type of Conjunctivitis that can be diagnostically tested for, and what is this test called?

A

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

- Giemsa stain, Gram Stain, culture

34
Q

What is the treatment for Viral Conjunctivitis?

A

Supportive (warm compresses, lubricating eye drops)

35
Q

What is the treatment for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A

Topical antibiotic eye drops/ointment (Erythromycin, Trimethoprim-Polymyxin)

36
Q

What is the treatment for Allergic Conjunctivitis?

A

Supportive (lubricating eye drops, cool compresses, antihistamines oral or ophthalmic)

37
Q

What are the two rare forms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A

C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea

38
Q

How is C. trachomatis diagnosed? What is the treatment?

A
  • Diagnosis: PCR, culture

- Treatment: oral Erythromycin or Azithromycin

39
Q

How is N. gonorrhea diagnosed? What is the treatment?

A
  • Diagnosis: Giemsa stain, gram stain, culture

- Treatment: hospitalization with ophthalmology consult; Rocephin IM

40
Q

What condition is characterized by acute, often spontaneous, asymptomatic bleeding in conjunctiva with vision NOT affected?

A

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

41
Q

What are the location presentations of Scleritis? What are the three subtypes? Describe each

A

Anterior or Posterior

  • Diffuse (50%): widespread inflammation of sclera; typically, no recurrence
  • Nodular (20-40%): localized area of inflammation with a distinct, visible nodule; can reoccur
  • Necrotizing (rare): often due to underlying autoimmune disorder; more severe symptoms with ocular comp.
42
Q

What condition is characterized by severe/constant eye pain worse in AM with radiation to face and worse with EOMs, as well as hyperemia?

A

Anterior Scleritis (90%)

43
Q

What condition is characterized by mild eye pain with NO hyperemia?

A

Posterior Scleritis (10%)

44
Q

What is the treatment for Scleritis (anterior or posterior)?

A
  • Refer to ophthalmology and rheumatology ASAP

- Oral NSAIDs, oral glucocorticoids

45
Q

What condition is characterized by abrupt onset of bright red inflammation; typically, no pain and with vision unaffected?

A

Episcleritis

46
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Episcleritis?

A

Topical lubricants

- Refer to ophthalmology

47
Q

What condition is characterized by FB sensation with acute onset of pain; +/- vision affected?

A

Corneal Abrasion

48
Q

What should NOT be used to treat Corneal Abrasion, and why?

A

NO topical anesthetic drops (can lead to corneal toxicity or Anesthetic Keratitis)

49
Q

What is the recommended treatment for a chemical injury to the eye?

A

IRRIGATE immediately (Morgan lens can be used)

50
Q

What condition is characterized by acute onset of FB sensation with associated event; vision unaffected?

A

Corneal Foreign Body

51
Q

What may be seen diagnostically if metal is the FB found with a Corneal Foreign Body?

A

Rust ring

52
Q

What condition is characterized by acute onset of pain with white infiltrate +/- hypopyon? What risk factor is this usually associated with?

A

Keratitis/Corneal Ulcer

- Often seen with contact lens abuse

53
Q

What condition is characterized by dendritic pattern around eye? What is the recommended treatment? What is NOT recommended?

A

Keratitis (HSV)

  • Treatment: topical antivirals and refer to ophthalmology
  • Do NOT treat with steroids (it will worsen)
54
Q

What condition is characterized by progressive pain; ciliary flush (ring of white around Limbus); hypopyon?

A

Anterior Uveitis

55
Q

What condition is characterized by painless; floaters and blurred vision due to inflammation of the urea/choroid?

A

Posterior Uveitis

56
Q

What treatment is good for exams but do NOT prescribe?

A

Topical anesthetics

57
Q

What treatment can help everything temporarily, but can also worsen infection or cause glaucoma/cataracts?

A

Steroids

58
Q

What is the preferred topical antibiotic?

A

Erythromycin ointment

59
Q

When should patching be used? What is an alternative, better treatment?

A

Only good for post-op
- Can worsen infections

Eye shield is preferred (post-op or post-trauma)

60
Q

When should you refer to ophthalmology?

A

If…

  • Vision/eye threatened
  • Worsening infection
  • Wears contact lens
  • Chronic condition
  • Unsure diagnosis or worried patient
  • YOU (PA) are worried

Clin Med I Exam #2 (6 decks)

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