Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med I Exam #2 > L5: Red Eyes > Flashcards

L5: Red Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Excessive tearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is chemosis?

A

Conjunctival swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is hypopyon?

A

Leukocytic exudate in anterior chamber of eye (white-looking fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ciliary flush?

A

Ring of red or violet spreading out from around the cornea of the eye
- Dilated conjunctival and episcleral vessels adjacent and circumferential to corneal limbus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hyperemia? What is another name for it?

A

Aka injection: dilated conjunctival vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is proptosis? What is another name for it?

A

Aka Exophthalmos: eye protrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammatory condition of cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the method of measuring intraocular pressure? What is the normal range?

A

Tonometry: measures intraocular pressure (IOP)

  • Normal is 8-21
  • Ex. is a TonoPen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What condition is characterized by chronic itching/burning/scratching in AM with NO vision changes?

A

Blepharitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Blepharitis treated?

A

Warm compresses, shampoo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If a secondary infection is suspected with Blepharitis, what is the 1st line treatment?

A

Topical ophthalmic ointments (Bacitracin, Erythromycin or Azithromycin)
- 2nd line is oral antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What condition is characterized by chronic itching/burning/scratching at night with +/- vision changes?

A

Dry Eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the diagnosis for Dry Eye?

A

+ Schirmer Test (blotting paper placed under eyelid to measure tear production)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What condition is characterized by a painful nodule of the eyelid, with swelling? What is this usually caused by?

A

Hordeolum (Cyst)

- Infected eye lash root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What condition is characterized by a typically non-painful nodule of the eyelid? What is this usually caused by?

A

Chalazion

- Clogged oil gland (MGD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are Hordeolum and Chalazion treated?

A 
Supportive care (warm compresses)
- Antibiotics if needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What condition is characterized by inflammation of lacrimal gland causing swelling of outer upper eyelid?

A

Dacryoadenitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What condition is characterized by lids/lashes everted?

A

Ectropion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What condition is characterized by lids/lashes inverted?

A

Entropion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What condition is characterized by harmless clear, thin tissue covering sclera that does NOT cause vision loss?

A

Pinguecula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What condition is characterized by thickening of bulbar conjunctiva that can interfere with vision?

A

Pterygium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two types of eye cellulitis?

A

Preseptal Cellulitis and Orbital Cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What condition is characterized by infection of the periorybital tissue with no optic nerve damage, no impairment of vision and no pain with ocular movement?

A

Preseptal Cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition is characterized by infection of the periorybital tissue with optic nerve involvement, +/- impaired vision or impaired/painful ocular movement?

A

Orbital Cellulitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
If outpatient, what is the treatment for eye cellulitis (preseptal and orbital)?
Clindamycin OR Bactrim DS | - PLUS Augmentin OR Cefpodoxime
26
If inpatient, what is the treatment for eye cellulitis (preseptal and orbital)?
Vancomycin - PLUS Ceftriaxone - PLUS Metronidazole
27
What condition is characterized by conjunctival inflammation with vision usually affected? What are the three subtypes?
Conjunctivitis: | - Viral, bacterial or allergic
28
What two types of Conjunctivitis are acute onset? What is chronic?
Acute: viral and bacterial | - Chronic: allergic
29
What is the only type of Conjunctivitis that may present unilaterally?
Bacterial
30
What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by red, watery discharge (severe injection) with preauricular lymphadenopathy?
Viral Conjunctivitis
31
What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by thick, yellow/mucopurulent discharge?
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
32
What type of Conjunctivitis is characterized by mild injection, itching and chemosis with stringy discharge?
Allergic Conjunctivitis
33
What is the only type of Conjunctivitis that can be diagnostically tested for, and what is this test called?
Bacterial Conjunctivitis | - Giemsa stain, Gram Stain, culture
34
What is the treatment for Viral Conjunctivitis?
Supportive (warm compresses, lubricating eye drops)
35
What is the treatment for Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
Topical antibiotic eye drops/ointment (Erythromycin, Trimethoprim-Polymyxin)
36
What is the treatment for Allergic Conjunctivitis?
Supportive (lubricating eye drops, cool compresses, antihistamines oral or ophthalmic)
37
What are the two rare forms of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?
C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhea
38
How is C. trachomatis diagnosed? What is the treatment?
- Diagnosis: PCR, culture | - Treatment: oral Erythromycin or Azithromycin
39
How is N. gonorrhea diagnosed? What is the treatment?
- Diagnosis: Giemsa stain, gram stain, culture | - Treatment: hospitalization with ophthalmology consult; Rocephin IM
40
What condition is characterized by acute, often spontaneous, asymptomatic bleeding in conjunctiva with vision NOT affected?
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
41
What are the location presentations of Scleritis? What are the three subtypes? Describe each
Anterior or Posterior - Diffuse (50%): widespread inflammation of sclera; typically, no recurrence - Nodular (20-40%): localized area of inflammation with a distinct, visible nodule; can reoccur - Necrotizing (rare): often due to underlying autoimmune disorder; more severe symptoms with ocular comp.
42
What condition is characterized by severe/constant eye pain worse in AM with radiation to face and worse with EOMs, as well as hyperemia?
Anterior Scleritis (90%)
43
What condition is characterized by mild eye pain with NO hyperemia?
Posterior Scleritis (10%)
44
What is the treatment for Scleritis (anterior or posterior)?
- Refer to ophthalmology and rheumatology ASAP | - Oral NSAIDs, oral glucocorticoids
45
What condition is characterized by abrupt onset of bright red inflammation; typically, no pain and with vision unaffected?
Episcleritis
46
What is the recommended treatment for Episcleritis?
Topical lubricants | - Refer to ophthalmology
47
What condition is characterized by FB sensation with acute onset of pain; +/- vision affected?
Corneal Abrasion
48
What should NOT be used to treat Corneal Abrasion, and why?
NO topical anesthetic drops (can lead to corneal toxicity or Anesthetic Keratitis)
49
What is the recommended treatment for a chemical injury to the eye?
IRRIGATE immediately (Morgan lens can be used)
50
What condition is characterized by acute onset of FB sensation with associated event; vision unaffected?
Corneal Foreign Body
51
What may be seen diagnostically if metal is the FB found with a Corneal Foreign Body?
Rust ring
52
What condition is characterized by acute onset of pain with white infiltrate +/- hypopyon? What risk factor is this usually associated with?
Keratitis/Corneal Ulcer | - Often seen with contact lens abuse
53
What condition is characterized by dendritic pattern around eye? What is the recommended treatment? What is NOT recommended?
Keratitis (HSV) - Treatment: topical antivirals and refer to ophthalmology - Do NOT treat with steroids (it will worsen)
54
What condition is characterized by progressive pain; ciliary flush (ring of white around Limbus); hypopyon?
Anterior Uveitis
55
What condition is characterized by painless; floaters and blurred vision due to inflammation of the urea/choroid?
Posterior Uveitis
56
What treatment is good for exams but do NOT prescribe?
Topical anesthetics
57
What treatment can help everything temporarily, but can also worsen infection or cause glaucoma/cataracts?
Steroids
58
What is the preferred topical antibiotic?
Erythromycin ointment
59
When should patching be used? What is an alternative, better treatment?
Only good for post-op - Can worsen infections Eye shield is preferred (post-op or post-trauma)
60
When should you refer to ophthalmology?
If... - Vision/eye threatened - Worsening infection - Wears contact lens - Chronic condition - Unsure diagnosis or worried patient - YOU (PA) are worried

Clin Med I Exam #2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions