L5-L9 Flashcards
THERE IS A PLACE FOR EVERYTHING AND EVERYTHING IS IN PLACE; IT IS EVERYBODY’S BUSINESS TO OBSERVE IN THE WORKPLACE.
HOUSEKEEPING
Why is housekeeping important
Lessens accidents, injuries, and illnesses
Improves productivity
Minimizes direct and indirect cost
5S
Sustain
Sort
Set in Order
Shine
Standardize
First evidence of a deteriorating safety and health program
Deteriorating Housekeeping
RULE 1060
Premises of Establishment
Seiri (English Version)
Sort
Seiton (English Version)
Systemize/Set in Order
Seiso (English Version
Sweep/Shine
Seiketsu (English Version)
Standardize
Shitsuke (English Version)
Self-discipline/Sustain
Why Implement 5S
Safety
Quality Improvement
Efficiency
Productivity Improvement
Phrase for Seiri
Take out unnecessary items and dispose;2
Phrase for Seiton
Arrange necessary items in good use;4
Phrase for Seiso
Clean your workplace
Phrase for Seiketsu
Maintain high standard of housekeeping
How many steps in Seiton
4
Phrase for Shitsuke
Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
How is 5S Implemented?
Training
Committees
Planning
Self-diagnosis and objective setting
Monitoring
Evaluation
Movement of materials through the use of appropriate handling equipment and men.
Material Handling
Types of Material Handling Accidents
Physical Strain/Over-exertion
Falling Load
Collision
Hits, cuts, blows
People Falling
Classifications of Material Handling
Manual Handling
Mechanical Handling
Using own physical strength
Manual Handling
Mistakes that causes Injuries
Bending Back
Twisting with Load
Reaching too far
Load too heavy
Failure to use PPE
MSDS Section 4
First Aid
MSDS Section 5
Fire Fighting Measures
MSDS Section 6
Accidental Release Measure
MSDS Section 7
Handling and Storage
8 Steps in Proper Lifting Technique
Position the load close to the body
Firm grip on the load
Feet apart and bend knees
Look forward to keep back straight
Use leg muscle power
Smooth, controlled movements
Turn feet in the direction of the movement and do not twist
Powered and non-powered mechanics
Mechanical Handling
Examples of Non-power driven mechanics
Hand truck
Hand pallet
Wheelbarrow
cart
drum tilter
trolley
pulley
Examples of Power Driven Mechanics
Crane
Motorized hand pallet
Forklift
Conveyor
Tow truck
Power driven hoists
Elevators and dumbwaiters
Mechanical Handling General Requirements
Operators are authorized
Operators undergo skill training
Handlers and operators are trained in safety and health
Equipments are regularly inspected and maintaned.
Principle of Material Storage
Safety
Accessibility
Orderliness
6 Material Storage General Requirements
At least two exits
Properly illuminated and ventilated
Identified and labeled
Restricted access
Smooth flow of materials
Should not obstruct emergency equipment
Material Handling and Storage Safety Program (6)
Inspection, maintenance, testing
Authorization of mechanical handling equipment operators
Safety training of personnel
Labeling and compilation of MSDS and Chemicals
Compliance to the provisions of OSHS Rule 1150
Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan
Rule 1150
Material Handling and Storage (note: study the general provision of rule 1150)
What label contains: Fire, Reactivity, Health, and Specific Hazard
NFPA 704M Label
In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a white color?
Special/Specific Hazard
In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a yellow color?
Reactivity
In the NFPA 704M Label, what is the hazard with a blue color?
Health
Principle of keeping fuel source and ignition sources separate.
Fire Safety
Rule 1940
Fire Protection and Control
Time duration that a material shall withstand a standard fire exposure test.
Fire rating
Minimum temperature in degrees at which material will give off flammable vapor.
Flash point
Wooden frame-work forms for structural support
Wood-frame construction
Construction consisting substantial masonry walls and heavy timber interior.
Slow-burning construction
Materials designed to withstand, without collapse during burning for a specified time.
Fire-resistant Construction
Two classtification of Fire Losses
Personal Loss
Property Loss
Types of Personal Loss
Fatal (burns, stampede, asphyxiation)
Non-fatal (burns)
Types of Property Loss
Direct (destruction and damage)
Indirect (loss of job, business failure)
Chemical union of fuel, heat, and oxygen produced in proper portions.
Fire
Part of Fire triangle that is present in our surrounding
Oxygen
Part of Fire triangle which describes the temperature point at which fuel can be ignited.
Heat
How much percent of Oxygen does fires use?
16%
Sources of Heat
Chemical Heat Energy
Electrical Heat Energy
Mechanical Heat Energy
Physical Features of Fuel and give examples
Solid (paper, wood, rubber)
Liquid (Gasoline, alcohol, thinner)
Gas (propane, natural gas, hydrogen)
Flashpoint of Flammable Material
below 37.8 degree Celsius
Flashpoint of Combustible Material
above 37.8 degree Celsius
Which is more dangerous, Flammable or Combustible?
Flammable
Classification of fire that uses non-metal solid combustible materials as fuel (e.g. paper, wood, cloth, plastic)
Class A
Classification of fire that uses non-metal flammable liquids/gases as fuel (e.g. gasoline, oil, grease, acetone)
Class B
Classification of fire that is caused by a plugged-in electrical equipment
Class C
Classification of fire that is caused by metals (e.g. potassium, aluminum, sodium)
Class D
Classification of fire caused by cooking oils and greases
Class K
4 Ways of Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Direct flame contact
fire transfer through soild medium
conduction
fire transfer through liquid/gas medium
convection
fire transfer through no medium
radiation
Common Fire Extinguishers in the Philippines
Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher
Dry Chemical Extinguisher
Physical Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher
No gauge, hard horn
What classification of fire should CO2 Extinguisher be used?
Class B & C fires
Extinguisher filled with non-flammable carbon dioxide gas under extreme pressure.
Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher
Fine yellow powder in Dry Chemical Extinguisher
mono ammonium phosphate
How does Dry Chemical Extinguisher extinguish the fire?
By coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust, separating the fuel from the oxygen.
How to use Fire Extinguisher?
P- pull the pin
A- aim the nozzle at the base of the fire
S- squeeze the lever
S-swipe side to side
Two ways in addressing Fire
Prevention
Preparation
5 Steps on what to do during a fire
- Activate Fire Alarm
- Call nearest fire station
3.Extinguish fire - If encountering smoke, crawl low and cover nose and mouth
- Evacuation area for head count
Flow of moving electrons
Electricity/electrical current
classifications of electrical accident
direct and indirect
types of direct electrical accident
electric shock
electric burn
fatal electrocution
types of indirect electrical accident
fall
fire
7 Causes of Electrical Accident
Contact with live circuit
Short circuit
Arc flashes
Overloading
Non-usage of standard replacement
Wet environment
Improper Attitude
Contact with overhead equipment
Contact with live conductor
not following LOTO Procedure
Poorly maintaned extension cords
Defective power tool
when a portion of a circuit inadvertently becomes contacted with another portion of the circuit causing improper operation
short circuit
when electric current flows through an air gap between conductors
arc flashes
when too much current pass through electric wires
overloading
Characteristics of Electricity
Current
Voltage
Resistance
the potential to do work
voltage
any condition which retards flow
resistance
movement of electric charge
current
low voltage
24 to 600 volts
safety low voltage
below 24 volts
high voltage
601 volts above
TRUE OR FALSE. Low voltage means low hazard.
FALSE
Any material that offers little resistance to the flow of an electric current.
Conductor
Prevent current from taking unwanted paths and very poor conductor.
Insulator
Severity of Shock
Path of current
Amount of current
Duration of current
TRUE OR FALSE. It is the current and not the voltage that can cause electrocution.
TRUE
0.4 ma in the body
no sensation
1.1 ma in the body
slight tingling sensation
1.8 ma in the body
shock
16 ma in the body
painful shock
above 23 ma in the body
severe injuries and possible death
loss of muscle control that causes victims to hold on to the source
lock on
resistance of most materials
10 to 50 ohms
resistance of wet wood
1,000 ohms
resistance of dry wood
100,000,000 ohms
resistance of rubber
1 x 10^14 ohms
resistance of dry skin
100,000 to 600,000 ohms
resistance of wet skin
1,000 ohmsre
resistance hand to foot
400 to 600 ohms
resistance ear to ear
about 100 ohms
6 Controls of Electrical Hazard
Insulation
GFCI
Proper use of extension cords
LOTO System
Regular Inspection and Maintenance
Use of Portable Electric Tools
Safeguards for personnel protection
what is the meaning of GFCI
ground-fault circuit interrupter
fast-acting circuit breaker which senses imbalances in the circuit caused by current leakage to ground and shuts off electricity
gfci
- Stay away from wet areas, sharp objects and oil
- Check cords periodically for nicks and cuts
- Always use the correct wire gauge and cord length for its intended use
Proper use of extension cords
standard for conttol of hazardous energy sources which covers maintenance of machines
LOTO System
A device that utilizes a positive means such as a lock to hold an energy isolating device in the safe position and prevents the energizing of a equipment
Lockout device
A warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachement
Tagout device
TRUE OR FALSE. The frequency of inspections and any necessary testing will depend on the type of equipment, how often it is used, and the environment in which it is used.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE. Flexible electric cords may be used for raising or lowering the equipment.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE. Flexible cords may not be fastened with staples or otherwise in such a fashion as could damage the outer jacket or insulation.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE. Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards may or may not wear electrical protective equipment.
FALSE
Alerting techniques to warn and protect employees from hazards which could cause injury due to electric shock, burns, or failure of electric equipment parts
Safety signs
Barricades
Attendants
TRUE OR FALSE. Every [electrical] line should be assumed energized.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE. You may work on electrical lines alone.
FALSE
PEC
Philippine Electrical Code
TRUE OR FALSE. Everyone is allowed to work on electrical jobs
FALSE
- Turn off electrical power source
- Apply CPR if necessary
- Always use fire extinguisher in case of fire
- Find help as quickly as possible
What to do In cases of Electrical Accident
Any physical material or equipment that is placed between the employee and workplace hazards to reduce injury potential of the hazard
Personal Protective Equipment
5 Hierarchy of Controls
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE
- Prevention of Exposure
- Minimizing the Risk should an exposure occur
- Compliment existing controls
Benefits of PPE
- Only protects the individual wearing it
- Compromise mobility, visibility, and communication
- Hazard still exists
- May introduce another hazard
- Not for continuous use
- Defective PPE offers no protection
- Only effective if correctly selected, fitted, used and cared for, and the individual is trained
Limitations of PPE
When to use PPE?
Where hazards cannot be sufficiently abated or removed
Whose responsibilities are these?
* Provide PPE and training for personnel
* Post areas requiring PPE with signs
* Ensure full compliance of responsibilities of employees, set forth in the safety program and/or policies.
Management
Whose responsibilities are these?
* Ensure that appropriate PPE is available to employees
* Ensure PPE is properly used
Supervisor
Whose responsibilities are these?
* Use PPE in accordance with instructions and training received
* Guard against damage to PPE
* Care for their PPE properly
* Report PPE malfunctions or problems to supervisory personnel
* Follow safe work practices while working with hazardous materials and wastes
Employees
Safety Glasses
Goggles
Face Shields
Hard Hats
Hoods
Sleeves
Boots
Shoes
Respirator
Coverall
Gloves
Types of PPE
Rule 1080
Personal Protective Equipment & Devices
Part of a hard hat that includes headband and straps which absorbs and distributes the force of impact
Suspension System
Part of a hard hat that protects the head from sharp objects which also absorbs part of the force of impact since it is somewhat flexible.
Hard outer shell
Part of a hard hat that secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head
Chin Strap
Part of a hard hat that redirects the direction of the falling object.
Brim
Absorbs the shock of the blow
Resist penetration
Good insulator against electrical hazard
Ability for low water absorption
Slow flammability rate of the shell
Characteristics of a Good Hat
Class of safety helmet defined as general service, limited voltage protection
Class G
Class of safety helmet defined as utility service, high voltage protection
Class E
Class of safety helmet defined as special service, no voltage protection
Class C
Insulation Resistance of Class G Hard Hat
2200 V, 60 Hz for 1 min. 3 mA max leakage
Insulation Resistance of Class E Hard Hat
20,000 V, 60 Hz for 3 mimn. 9 mA max leakage
Which class/classes has a burn rate if 3 in/min max?
*Class G
*Class E
*Class C
Class G and Class E
Meaning of ANSI
American National Standards Institute
- Never alter or modify the hard hat shell/suspension
- Drilling holes in hard hat
- Never carry or wear anything inside your hard hat
- Never use solvents or cleaner on a helmet
- Keep the helmet out of the sun
Warnings and Precautions on Hard Hat
TRUE OR FALSE.The correct way to clean the hard hat is with mild soap and clean, warm water, and let it air dry.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE. If a hard hat has been struck on the top from the side, the hard hat can still be used and no need to replace.
FALSE
How many number of years do most PPE program trade-out hard hats?
5 years
What is the typical life of a hard hat under normal working conditions according to most safety programs?
2 years
Safety Spectacles
Eye Goggles
Face Shields
Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1-1989)
TRUE OR FALSE. According to National Safety Council, as a general rule, face shields can be worn without suitable basic eye protection.
FALSE
Be reasonably comfortable to use
Fit snuglym not interfere with movements of user
Durable, easily cleaned capable for being disinfected
Be kept clean and in good condition
Be of approved type
Eye and Face Protection Minimum Requirements (ANSI Z 87.1-1968)
- Temperature extremes
- Chemical exposures and splashes
- Sharp objects
- Fire
- Abrasive Materials
- Live electrical conductor
Common hand and arm materials
burns
bruises
abrasions
blister
laceration/cuts
punctures
fractures
amputation
electrocution
hand and arm injuries
permanent loss of vision
temporary loss of vision
inflamed eyes
skin burns
lacerations
fracture
broken teeth
effects of occupational eye and face hazards
TRUE OR FALSE. There is no ANSI standards for gloves.
TRUE
anything that can be worn to reduce the level of sound entering the ear
hearing protection device
when should you wear a hearing protection device?
90 decibles or greater for an 8-hour period
What do you call this rule?
“If two people (with no hearing impairment) have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of less than an arm’s length from each other, the sound level is potentialy hazardous”
Arm’s Length Rule
Acids/mists
solvents/vapors
gases/ smoke
dusts/ particulates
heavy metals/ fumes
Hazards that require respiratory protection
Respiratory protection is covered extensively in a specific standard
ANSI Z88.2-1059
Backup system planned for a worker who could loose his or her balance at height, in order to control or eliminate potential injury.
Fall Protection
- Anchorages
- Horizontal lifeline
- Verical lifeline
- body harness
Components of a personal fall arrest system
TRUE OR FALSE. Safety belt is safer than a harness.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE. PPE shall be complimented with other controls.
TRUE
Prevention of accidents when working with machines
Machine safety
- An individual making unwanted contact with a moving part
- Flying from the machine
- Machine malfunction
- Workpiece movement during a forming or cutting process
- Unguarded/ exposed moving parts
Common causes of machine related accidents
Where do mechanical hazards occur?
Power Transmission
Point of Operation
Other moving parts
All components of the mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the machine performing work.
Power Transmission apparatus
The point where work is performed on the material.
Point of Operation
Hazardous mechanical motion defined as turning around on an axis/center
Rotating
Hazardous mechanical motion defined as the back and forth movement of a machine part
Reciprocating
Hazardous mechanical motion defined as a continuous straight line motion of a machine element in either directiobs
Traversin
Hazardous mechanical motion which may involve rotating, reciprocating, and transverse motion
Cutting
Hazardous mechanical motion where the danger of this type of action occurs at the point of operation, where stock is inserted, held and withdrawn by hand.
Punching
Hazardous mechanical motion which involves applying power to a slide or knife in order to trim or shear metal
Shearing
Hazardous mechanical motion where power is applied to slide in order to draw stamp metal/materials
Bending
Type of running nip point where parts can rotate in opposite direction while their axes are parallel to each other
Parallel Axes
Type or running nip point where it is created between rotating and tangentially moving parts
Tangential
Type of running nip point such as conveyor, flywheels, abrasive (grinding) wheel
Rotating and Fixed Part
- Use of machine guard (engineering control)
- Lock out/ tag out procedure (administrative control)
- training of workers (administrative control)
- usage of PPE (PPE)
Protections from Machine Hazards
RULE 1200
Machine Guarding
What rule is this?
“All moving parts of prime movers, transition equipment and all dangerous
parts of driven machinery shall be effectively guarded, unless so constructed or located to prevent any person or object
from coming or brought into contact with
them.”
Rule 1200: Machine Guarding
Barriers that prevent entry of an individual’s hands or other body parts installed to minimize the risk of injury to machine operators
Machine Guards
What category of machine guards are these?
- Fixed enclosing guards
- Movable guards
- Two-hand controls
- Adjustable guards
Preventing Access
What category of machine guards are these?
- Photoelectric light curtains
- Pullback devices
- Restraint devices
Preventing Dangerous motions
This type of guard is attached to a fixed
surface and encloses the hazard. When in
place, it prevents anyone from going over,
around, under or through it to the hazard.
Fixed enclosing guards
This type of guard prevents machine motion until the guard is moved into place. The interlocking method may be mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, or a combination of these.
Movable guards with interlocking switches
- Enclose the point of operation before the machine can be operated.
- Keep the point of operation enclosed before the hazardous part of the machine motion ceases.
- Prevent operation of the machine if the interlock fails.
requirements for the interlock guard to be effective
This type of guard are operator controls that require an operator to hold both
controls down during the hazardous portion of the machine’s stroke
Two-hand opertator controls
This type of guard can be positioned to
accommodate a variety of operations or work and when properly adjusted provides adequate protection from the hazard at the point of operation.
Adjustable Guard
This type of guard provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area.
Self-adjusting guard
Any mechanical or electrical devices
designed to protect a worker’s hands or other body parts from coming into contact with a hazardous motion of a machine.
Safety Device
A safety device which is designed, constructed, and arranged to create a
sensing field, area, or plane that will detect in its field the presence of an opaque object.
Presence sensing device
These devices emit a “curtain” of harmless infrared light beams in front of the hazard area.
Photo Electric Light Curtain
are cable and wristlet systems
that attach to an operator’s
hands and to the machine’s
moving slide or ram, or to a
fixed object away from the point
of operation. They are usually
used on machines having
reciprocating motions.
Pullback devices
Uses cables or straps attached to the operator’s hands and a fixed point. Must be adjusted to let the operator’s hands travel within a predetermined safe area.
Restraint devices
- Failure to stop equipment
- Failure to disconnect from power source
- Failure to dissipate (bleed, neutralize) residual energy
- Accidental restarting of equipment
- Failure to clear work areas before restarting
MAIN CAUSES OF MACHINE MAINTENANCE INJURIES (“FATAL FIVE” )
TRUE OR FALSE. Each person who could be exposed to unexpected energization or
start-up of equipment, or release of stored energy will utilize an isolation device which
is under personal control.
TRUE
Plug locks
ball valve lock-out
gate valve lock-out
group lock-out hasp
electrical
Types of lock-out devices
Can be securely fastened to an energy isolating device in accordance with an established procedure to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled can not be operated until the tag is removed
Tag-out device
An employee who locks or tags machines or equipment to perform maintenance or servicing
Authorized employee
An employee whose job requires him/her to operate or work in an area where servicing is being performed under Lockout/Tagout.
Affected employee
NOTIFY
IDENTIFY
SHUT-DOWN
ISOLATE
LOCK-OUT
VERIFY
Typical loto procedure
- Equipment/Machine inspection and maintenance program.
- Installation of safety devices (guards, relief valves, provision for
LOTO, interlocks, limit switches, etc) - Compliance to regulatory requirements and standards (e.g.
mechanical permits, OSHS, etc) - Implementation of LOTO system.
- Having a machine operation and safety procedures.
- Machine alarm and warning signal system.
Effective machine safety program
