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1. D1: Extreme environments > L5. Integrative physiology > Flashcards

L5. Integrative physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main stages of the research journey in integrative physiology?

A

Research question, literature review, experimental design, funding, sponsorship, ethical approval, regulatory approvals, local NHS approvals, and publication

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2
Q

What are the advantages of field research in human physiology?

A

High-impact findings, international collaborations, and the ability to study real-world conditions

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3
Q

What are the disadvantages of field research in human physiology?

A

Logistical challenges, safety risks, and lack of control over experimental variables

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4
Q

What are systematic reviews in the context of literature review?

A

A structured method to capture all relevant studies using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria

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5
Q

Why is publication bias a concern in scientific research?

A

It skews the scientific record by favoring studies with positive results over negative or null results

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6
Q

What are the challenges of conducting research at high-altitude locations like Cerro de Pasco?

A

Harsh conditions, limited resources, and logistical difficulties

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7
Q

What is Monge’s disease and where was it first described?

A

A chronic condition caused by hypoxia, first described in Cerro de Pasco, Peru

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8
Q

What are double-blind studies and why are they important?

A

Studies where neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment is being given

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9
Q

What is the significance of ethical approval in human physiology research?

A

Ensures research is conducted ethically and participant safety is maintained

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10
Q

What is the importance of pre-registering studies in clinical and physiology research?

A

Improves transparency and prevents selective reporting of favorable results

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11
Q

What is the role of sponsorship in human physiology research?

A

Provides legal and logistical support for the research process

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12
Q

How does power calculation guide experimental design?

A

Determines the number of participants needed to achieve statistical significance

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13
Q

Why is it difficult to study certain physiological responses in controlled conditions?

A

Controlled settings often fail to replicate real-world variables such as environmental factors

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14
Q

What are the benefits of combining field and lab-based studies in physiology?

A

Combines the strengths of controlled conditions with real-world applicability

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15
Q

What lessons can be learned from the ‘Operation Everest II’ study?

A

It demonstrated the feasibility of high-altitude physiological research in controlled settings

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16
Q

What role does funding play in integrative physiology research?

A

Provides financial resources necessary to execute the research plan

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17
Q

What are the practical challenges of collecting field samples in remote locations?

A

Transport, storage, and preservation of biological samples can be difficult

18
Q

How do integrative physiology studies contribute to clinical advancements?

A

They bridge the gap between basic science and patient care

19
Q

What is the relevance of regulatory approvals in conducting physiology research?

A

Ensures compliance with legal and ethical standards

20
Q

What are the rewards of conducting integrative physiology research?

A

Insightful findings that advance both science and medicine

21
Q

What was the purpose of the ‘Operation Everest II’ study?

A

To study physiological responses to simulated high-altitude conditions in a controlled environment

22
Q

How did researchers measure cardiorespiratory responses at high altitudes?

A

By using invasive techniques like right heart catheterization and exercise tests

23
Q

What are the benefits and limitations of using hypobaric chambers in research?

A

Mimics high-altitude conditions but lacks real-world environmental variables

24
Q

What did the study on intravenous iron and hypoxic pulmonary hypertension find?

A

Iron infusion reduced pulmonary artery pressure during hypoxia

25
Q

What is the role of the Margerhita Hut in integrative physiology research?

A

A high-altitude research station used for studying hypoxia-related conditions

26
Q

How does publication bias affect the reliability of meta-analyses?

A

Leads to overestimation of treatment effects in meta-analyses

27
Q

What is the role of systematic reviews in identifying gaps in research?

A

Helps identify unexplored areas and refine research questions

28
Q

What are the logistical challenges of conducting research at remote locations like the Andes?

A

Transporting equipment, acclimatizing participants, and ensuring sample preservation

29
Q

How does the double-blind method enhance the validity of results in field research?

A

Prevents bias in subjective measurements such as echocardiography

30
Q

What practical challenges arise during field research in extreme environments?

A

Equipment failure, harsh climates, and participant safety concerns

31
Q

How can field samples be preserved and transported from remote locations?

A

Dry ice and portable refrigeration units are commonly used

32
Q

What insights did the study on chronic mountain sickness provide?

A

Venesection studies revealed links between haematocrit and pulmonary pressure

33
Q

Why are systematic reviews critical in clinical and human physiology research?

A

They ensure that no redundant or unethical studies are conducted

34
Q

How do power calculations prevent resource wastage in experiments?

A

Helps plan participant numbers to ensure meaningful results

35
Q

What are the benefits of combining genetic studies with integrative physiology?

A

Integrates systemic physiological findings with genetic markers for better insights

36
Q

What ethical considerations are unique to field research in remote areas?

A

Consent, safety measures, and cultural sensitivity must be considered

37
Q

What are the potential biases introduced by sponsorship in research?

A

May influence study design to align with commercial or political goals

38
Q

What lessons were learned from the ‘Operation Everest II’ on physiological responses to hypoxia?

A

Revealed how acclimatization affects systemic physiology

39
Q

What are the implications of combining human and animal studies in integrative physiology?

A

Animal studies provide mechanistic insights that complement human findings

40
Q

What role does technology play in overcoming logistical challenges in field research?

A

Portable monitoring devices and advanced logistics aid remote research

1. D1: Extreme environments (6 decks)

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