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OT 104: Neuroscience > L5. Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

L5. Cranial Nerves & Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

A lesion in CN1 causes what?

A

Anosmia

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2
Q

A lesion in CN 2 causes what?

A

Anopsia

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3
Q

What innervates the superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN 3

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4
Q

Ptosis can be caused by a lesion in what cranial nerve?

A

CN 3

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5
Q

Aside from controling eye muscles what else is the oculomotor nerve responsible for?

A

Innervates sphincter muscle of the eye (for pupil constriction) and the ciliary muscle (for accommodation reflex)

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6
Q

There are two primary cranial nerves that control the pupillary light reflex. Which cranial nerve is responsible for the afferent aspect and which is responsible for the efferent aspect?

A

Afferent: CN 2 (optic nerve)
Efferent: CN 3 (oculomotor nerve)

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7
Q

CN 3 innervating the right eye has a lesion. What happens if light is shined in the R eye?

A

Right eye won’t constrict but left eye will constrict due to consensual light reflex.

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8
Q

CN 2 innervating the right eye has a lesion, what happens if I shine light on the right side?

A

No constriction for both eyes

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9
Q

Cranial nerves are usually contralateral or ipsilateral?

A

Ipsilateral

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10
Q

A lesion at CN 4 causes what?

A

Vertical diplopia (double vision)

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11
Q

What does CN 4 innervate?

A

Superior oblique

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12
Q

What does CN 6 innervate?

A

Lateral rectus

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13
Q

A lesion at CN 6 causes what?

A

Horizontal diplopia or internal strabismus

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14
Q

External strabismus is caused by a lesion at which CN?

A

CN 3

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15
Q

CN 5 can still be classified to 3 more divisions. What are they?

A

CN V1 - Ophthalmic, CN V2 - Maxillary, CN V3 - Mandibular

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16
Q

The motor component of the trigeminal nerve (CN5) innervates what?

A

Muscles of mastication & tensor tympani

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17
Q

The sensory component of the trigeminal nerve innervates what?

A

Face, cornea, teeth, gums, palate, anterior 2/3 of tongue

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18
Q

What cranial nerve enables the corneal blink reflex (afferent)?

A

CN 5

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19
Q

What cranial nerve enables the jaw jerk reflex?

A

CN 5

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20
Q

What cranial nerve innervates taste sensation from anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN 7

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21
Q

The facial nerve (CN 7) has motor functions that innervates what?

A

Stapedius, muscles of facial expression

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22
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of CN 7?

A

submandibular and sublingual glands + lacrimal glands

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23
Q

What CN is responsible for the motor part of the corneal blink reflex?

A

CN 7

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

What are the functions of CN 8?

A

transmit information regarding head position and head movement (vestibular) + transmit auditory information (cochlear)

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26
Q

What does the CN 9 (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) innervate?

A

Taste and Sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue, Sensation from soft palate and pharynx, innervates one pharynx muscle and parotid gland

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27
Q

What CN is responsible for carotid sinus reflex, gag reflex (afferent) and swallowing reflex (afferent)?

A

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

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28
Q

The vagus nerve (CN 10) has what sensory functions?

A

Sensation from pharynx (for swallowing) and larynx (voice box)

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29
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the vagus nerve?

A

Innervates the thoracic and abdominal viscera (heart, lungs, GI tract, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, etc.)

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

Which reflexes does the vagus nerve (CN 10) play a role in?

A

Gag reflex (efferent) and swallowing reflex (efferent)

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32
Q

Briefly explain how the gag reflex occurs?

A

Touching the pharynx (CN 9) elicits contraction of pharyngeal muscles (CN 10)

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33
Q

Briefly explain the swallowing reflex

A

food touching the entrance of the pharynx (CN 9) elicits movement of the soft palate and contraction of pharyngeal muscles (CN 10)

34
Q

The cranial component of the accessory nerve innervates what?

A

Innervates muscles up to the larynx

35
Q

The spinal component of the accessory nerve (CN 11) innervates what?

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

36
Q

What happens if there was a lesion at CN 11?

A

The person may not be able to turn their head (SCM) or elevate shoulders (traps)

37
Q

What is the function of CN 12 (hypoglossal nerve)?

A

Innervates most intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

38
Q

A lesion at CN 12 causes what?

A

Dysarthria (difficulty speaking because muscles needed for speech are weak) and ipsilateral tongue deviation

39
Q

What is the exit point of CN 3, 4, 5-V1 (ophthalmic) and CN 6?

A

Superior orbital fissure

40
Q

What cranial nerves exit the foramen ovale?

A

CN 5 V3 (mandibular)

41
Q

What cranial nerves exit the jugular foramen?

A

CN 9, 10, 11

42
Q

Where does CN 11 exit?

A

Foramen magnum

43
Q

What CN exit the optic canal?

44
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do humans have?

45
Q

What are the components of a spinal nerve?

A

Dorsal and ventral root

46
Q

Nerve roots exit from the _______ ______ through the _________ foramina.

A

Vertebral column, intervertebral foramina

47
Q

What kind of nerve fiber conveys sensory information from the skin, joints, and muscles to the CNS?

A

Somatic afferent fiber

48
Q

What kind of nerve fiber innervates skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic efferent fibers

49
Q

What kind of nerve fiber are also known as “autonomic fibers”?

A

Visceral efferent fibers

50
Q

What does the visceral efferent fiber innervate?

A

Sympathetic Fibers:thoracic segment, L1, L2 - viscera, glands, smooth muscles

Parasympathetic Fibers: pelvic and lower abdominal viscera

51
Q

What kind of nerve fiber convey sensory information from the viscera?

A

Visceral afferent fibers

52
Q

This nerve fiber is for proprioception and innervates extrafusal fibers (inc. Golgi Tendon Organ)

53
Q

This nerve fiber is known to be the fastest kind of nerve fiber.

54
Q

What is the function of A-beta fibers?

A

Innervation of both intrafusal and extrafusal fibers (for touch and pressure)

55
Q

This nerve fiber innervates intrafusal fibers (muscle spindles).

56
Q

What nerve fiber is responsible for fast/sharp pain and temperature?

57
Q

What function do B fibers serve?

A

Autonomic (pre-ganglionic autonomic)

58
Q

What kind of nerve fiber is the slowest?

59
Q

Denny is experiencing a dull and aching pain in his stomach. What nerve fiber is responsible for sensing this?

60
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

61
Q

What nerve innervates the biceps and brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

62
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoids, teres minor

63
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps, brachioradialis

64
Q

What nerve innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of thigh?

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

65
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Medial compartment of thigh

66
Q

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

67
Q

What innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

68
Q

The gluteus maximus is innervatrd by what nerve?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

69
Q

What innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve

70
Q

What myotome causes elbow extension and wrist flexion?

71
Q

What myotome is responsible for hip flexion?

72
Q

What myotome is responsible for knee extension?

73
Q

What is the L4 myotome for?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion

74
Q

Finger abduction and adduction is controlled by which myotome?

75
Q

Neck lateral flexion is mace possible by which myotome?

76
Q

Shrugging is made possible by which myotome?

77
Q

Which dermatome supplies the lateral antecubital fossa?

78
Q

S3 supplies which area (dermatome)?

A

Ischial tuberosity

79
Q

The popliteal fossa is supplied by which dermatome?

80
Q

The middle finger is supplied by which dermatome?

OT 104: Neuroscience (3 decks)

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