L5 Amino Acids and Proteins Flashcards
Monomeric units are joined by what type of bonds to form what?
Monomeric units are joined by covalent bonds to form macromolecules
Macromolecule/complexes are held together what kind of interactions
by non covalent interactions
The formation of macromolecules an complexes involve what type of interaction
weak interaction
What does multiple weak interaction’s in the formation of macromolecules and complexes do to the stability of these complexes?
multiple weak interactions increases the stability of these complexes
What does breaking these interactions in the formation of macromolecules and complexes do
loss of function and structure
solubility depends on what
the ability to form hydrogen bonds
Polar biomolecules form what kind of bonds?
H bonds
and are water soluble
Can non polar biomolecules form H bonds? and are they soluble in water?
NO
Insoluble in water
Amphipathic Molecule
An amphipathic molecule is a molecule that has both polar and non-polar parts.
How do the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of Amphipathic Molecules react?
Hydrophobic regions cluster together
Hydrophilic regions interact with water
micelle
A micelle is a spherical structure that forms in water by the aggregation of surfactant molecules, with their hydrophobic (water-hating) tails inward and hydrophilic (water-loving) heads outward.
proteins play crucial roles in virtually all
biological processes, as:
Catalysts – enzymes
Transporters (e.g. O2
, Fe)
Structural support (e.g., collagens in skin
and bone)
Machines (e.g., muscular contraction and
motion)
Immune protection (e.g. immunoglobulins)
Ion channels
Receptors (for hormones,
neurotransmitters, etc.)
Ligands in cell signalling (growth factors
etc.)
Key features of proteins
proteins are macromolecules composed of amino acids that are joined covalently to give the sequence of the protein
the amino acid sequence of a protein is encoded by what
a gene
The nucleotide sequence of a gene determines…
The amino acid sequence of
a protein
The polypeptide chain folds into:
complex and highly specific three dimensional structure, determined by the sequence of amino acids
The folding of proteins depends on
the chemical and physical
properties of the amino acids
The three-dimensional shape of a protein dictates
the properties and
function of the protein
proteins are polymers of
amino acids
what does an amino acid consist of
Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom (the α-carbon)
covalently bonded to:
* an amino group (-NH2)
* a carboxyl group (COOH)
* a hydrogen atom (-H)
* a distinctive R group (side chain)
What isomer is the only isomer found in proteins?
L isomer
Peptide bond formation
When two amino acids form a dipeptide through a peptide bond, it is a type of condensation reaction.
Peptide bonds are
planar
What makes a peptide bond planar ?
The C-N within the CONH peptide bond has partial
‘double bond’ characteristics. This makes the peptide
bond rigid and planar
