L5 Affective disorders: Clinical aspects. Flashcards
Psychopathology
abnormal experience, cognition and observed in their behaviour
- observation of behaviour
- Phenomenology (emphatic assessment of subjective experience)
How can psychiatric disorders be classified?
- DSM
- ICD
What does the mental state examination assess?
Appearance and behaviour
Speech
Mood
Thought
Perception
Cognition (orientation,
memory and intelligence)
Insight
Depression
- Mood congruent hallucinations/delusions
- perceptions/insights-excessive
- Delusions (e.g of guilt)
Bipolar disorder
-Manic Episodes
abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable
mood,
For at least one week and present most of the day, nearly every day:
1) increased activity or energy (can be dramatic, disinhibited behaviour leading to vulnerability)
2) -distractability
- Decreased need for sleep
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Bipolar disorder
-hypomanic episode
Same as maniac episode but not enough to cause marked functional impairment or to necessitate hospitalization
Major Depressive Episode
Five of more symptoms during 2 weeks period:
- insomnia/hypersomnia
- weight loss
- diminished interest or pleasure
Melancholic features of depression
- worse in the morning
- guilt
- Loss of pleasure in all, or almost all, activities
- Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli
- weight loss
Atypical depression
-Mood reactivity
and
- Significant weight gain or increase in appetite
- Hypersomnia
- Leaden paralysis (i.e., heavy, leaden feelings in arms or legs)
- interpersonal rejection sensitivity
Depression
- Mood congruent hallucinations/delusions
- perceptions/insights-excessive
- Delusions (e.g of guilt)
Name features that may be associated with both mania and depression
- anxiety
- psychotic symptoms
- catatonia
Bipolar Disorder I
At least one manic episode
Bipolar Disorder II
- At least one hypomanic episode
- At least one major depressive episode
