L5-6: Eukaryotes Flashcards
Diploid notation
2n
Haploid notation
n
Fungi grow in which two main cellular morphologies?
Yeast and mould
The fungal mycelium (body) is comprised of which type of cells?
Hyphae (tubular cells)
The two ways that yeast can divide through mitosis
Budding and fission
T or F:
80% of plant pathogens are fungi
True
T or F:
Fungi are mainly opportunistic pathogens i.e. they mainly affect immunosuppressed patients
True
Mechanisms that fungi use as defence
Defence:
- Upon fluconazole exposure, some fungi strains replicate the i(5L) isochromosome to provide heteroresistance
- Some fungal species can grow within the cells of the immune system to avoid death through production of secondary metabolites, as well as switch morphology at 37 degrees
What does fungal dimorphism refer to?
The ability to switch between two or more cellular morphologies
Which genes are upregulated during yeast growth?
Nitrogen assimilation and melanin biosynthesis
Hyphal cells primarily catabolize
glucose via which process?
Glycolysis
What can transcriptomics analysis reveal about yeast growth?
• Nutrient acquisition and metabolism:
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen (e.g. changes to central carbon metabolism)
- trace elements (e.g. up-regulation of genes required for ion transport))
• Adaption to a environmental niche e.g. a host during infection:
- nutrient starvation (e.g. up-regulation of genes required for nitrogen assimilation)
- reactive oxygen species (e.g. up-regulation of genes required for melanin production)
- secondary metabolites required for survival
Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
Allow detection of proteins on cell surfaces using antibodies conjugated to fluorescent tags
Use and mechanism of barcoding
Using an index primer of a 8 nt barcode attached to a polyT tail.
Allows individual mRNA molecules to be assigned to each cell. This allows library pooling.
