L5 Flashcards
In Pakistan, where do most earthquakes occur?
Quake activity is mainly concentrated in the northern and western sections of the country
In total how much did Pakistan receive in aid?
$5.4 billion
What type of plate boundary is there in Kashmir?
Destructive plate boundary
How many deaths and injuries occurred in the Pakistan earthquake of 2005?
100,000 dead and 138,000 injured
Why was it difficult to get aid to earthquake victims and why were they vulnerable to the effects of the earthquake?
Too remote of a region, poor largely agricultural region, mountain environment so already fragile
What percentage of mud houses were destroyed in the Kashmir earthquake?
95%
How did the timing of the earthquake magnify its impacts?
Saturday morning, a normal school day – so many of the dead and injured were children
Because of being in Ramadan, people were sleeping (having got up early for pre-dawn meal)
Winter was drawing in; conditions became more and more treacherous
What is a slip deficit?
A lack of earthquakes to release the stress that is known to be accumulating
What percentage of livestock had been destroyed in the Kashmir earthquake?
90%
What was the magnitude of the Kashmir earthquake
7.6
How much is the Indo-Australian plate moving per year
5cm
Where is the Indo-Australian plate moving towards?
South edge of the Tibetan platue
How many people in kashmir are in remote villages?
350,000
In response to the earthquake, new earthquake resistant Dhajji Buildings were made. What was special about them?
Familiar materials
Stone in mud mortar
Timber framework (forested country)
Familiar techniques
Successful design in local history – easily accepted
Needed examples quickly after the EQ for others to copy
Familiar influences
Islamic teaching on responsibility, seeking and use of advice
Moral pressure on builders to avoid shortcuts
Females homeowners supervised house construction
How many people in Kashmir are seen to be homeless ?
3 million
How much did the UN offer in a flash appeal
$272 million
Of the homeless in Kashmir, how many still sleep outside ?
800,000
When and where did the earthquake occur?
Happened on a Saturday morning on 8th October 2005 in a mountainous region. Epicentre 12 miles northeast of Muzaffarabad,
How many people in Kashmir are in make shift camps
200,000
What secondary hazard resulted from the steep terrain?
Landslides
