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MICBI - Clinical MICBI > L43 Zoonosis > Flashcards

L43 Zoonosis Flashcards

1
Q

List 2 causative organisms that are related to ingestion of diary products.

A
  1. Listeria monocytogenes

2. Brucella species (causing brucellosis)

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2
Q

Pet owners, e.g. parrot owners are in risk of?

  • Agricultural workers and veterinary surgeons are also in risk of zoonoses.
A

Psittacosis by Chalmydia psittaci

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3
Q

This is a gram -ve coccobacilli, non-motile and fastidious. It causes zoonosis that is related to cattles, sheep and pigs. Name the respective species.

A

Brucella abortus - cattle
Brucella melitensis
Brucella suis - pigs

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4
Q

What are the modes of transmission of Brucellosis? (3)

A
  1. Direct contact
  2. Ingestion (meat/diary product, sheep placenta)
  3. Inhalation
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5
Q

The patient has 2 weeks of incubation after getting infected by Brucella species. What are the clinical features? (3)

A
  1. Persistent Undulant fever (rising and falling)
  2. Profuse sweating
  3. Flu-like illness
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6
Q

Name 2 complications of brucellosis.

A
  1. Osteomyelitis
  2. Hepatitis
  3. Meningoencephalitis
  4. Endocarditis
  5. Orchitis
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7
Q

How is Brucellosis diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosis
- blood culture, bone marrow culture (osteomyelitis)

Treatment
- Rifampicin + Doxycycline x6 weeks***

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8
Q

How can Brucellosis be prevented? (2)

A
  • Vaccination of herds

- Pasteurisation of milk

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9
Q

Plague/ Black Death is caused by which organism?

It is Gram _ _______? Belonging to which family?

A

Yersinia pestis

- Gram -ve bacilli, Enterobacteriaceae

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10
Q

Mode of transmission of plague? (3)

A
  1. Direct contact - rodent
  2. Vectors: Flea bite
  3. Inhalation: in pneumonic plague (human to human transmission)
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11
Q

Plague: incubation is within 1 week
What are the 3 different types of clinical presentation of Plague?
Which has the highest mortality?

A
  1. Bubonic plague: fever, painful lymphadenopathy (esp. inguinal and axilla LN), may lead to septicaemic plague
  2. Septicaemic plague: fever, hypotension
  3. Pneumonic plague: fever, cough, hemoptysis

Mortality 50% in bubonic, 100% in septicaemia and pneumonic

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12
Q

What are the investigations for suspected plague patients? (4)

A
  1. Sputum for culture for pneumonic plague
  2. Bubo aspirate for culture for bubonic plaque (LN)
  3. Blood culture for septicaemic plaque
  4. Serology for detection of F1 antigen
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13
Q

What is the treatment for Yersinia pestis infection?

A

Gentamicin and Doxycycline x7-10 days

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14
Q

Prevention of plague? (2)

A
  1. Rodent control

2. Post-exposure prophylaxis

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15
Q

List other examples of organisms that causes zoonoses other than Yersinia pestis and Brucella species.
______ causing ______.

all of them are notifiable disease in HK?

A
  1. Coxiella burnetii causing Q fever
  2. Borrelia burgdorferi causing Lyme disease
  3. Leptospira interrogans causing Leptospirosis

Only 2 is not notifiable disease in HK.

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16
Q

Both Borrelia burgdorferi and Leptospira interrogans are Gram -ve spiral rods that have to be visualised by ? Why?

A

They are too thin to be visualised by light microscopy, requires dark-field microscopy.

17
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi causes _________ disease and it is diagnosed by? (2)

A

Lyme disease

  • Wright and Giemsa stains
  • Serology: IgM (undetectable in the 1st week)
18
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Lyme disease?

A

Rodent and deer as reservoir,

transmitted by tick bite (Zoonosis)

19
Q

What is Lyme disease? (3)

A

Infection by Borrelia burgforferi
3 stages
1. Localised disease: Bull-eye rash, flu-like symptoms, erythema migrans (if multiple > spirochetemia)

  1. Early disseminated disease: Bell’s palsy, Heart block causing myocarditis
  2. Late stage: CNS meningitis, neuropathy; Migratory polyarthritis
20
Q

Treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Doxycycline, amoxicillin x2-3 weeks

21
Q

For leptospirosis, it is transmitted via?

A

Direct contact of rat/ livestock urine through skin lesion during swimming and waterspouts

22
Q

How to diagnosis leptospirosis?

A

Serology: LMAT - Leptospira microscopic agglutination test

Others

  • Culture: Fletcher’s medium
  • Dark field microscopy for blood/urine (Question mark shape)
23
Q

Describe the disease caused by Leptospira interrogans.

A

Biphasic courses of clinical features
- Flu-like illness > brief resolution > Weil’s disease

  1. Leptospirosis: Flu-like illness,
  2. Severe phase: Weil’s disease
    - Conjunctival suffusion
    - Liver and renal failure via hematogenous spread
    - Myocarditis
24
Q

Treatment for Leptospirosis?

A

Penicillin G

Doxycycline

25
Q

Q fever is caused by which organism? What mode of transmission?

A

Coxiella burnetii

- inhalation

26
Q

How is Q fever diagnosed?

A

By serology: Complement fixation test

27
Q

Clinical features of Q fever?

A
  • Flu-like illness
  • Atypical pnemonia
  • Hepatitis
  • Endocarditis (rare)
28
Q

How to treat Q fever?

A

Doxycycline x2 weeks

Q fever endocarditis: Doxycycline + hydroxychloroquine x18 months

MICBI - Clinical MICBI (19 decks)

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