L4: THEORIES OF COUNSELING Flashcards
Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
our past experiences influence our present behavior; our problems were the results of our early problems
ID
a little devil sitting on your left shoulder; pleasure principle (from birth); unconscious and includes instinctive behaviors; “it’s all yours! forget about your brother, keep it all to yourself”
EGO
reality principle: the part of the mind that mediates between conscious and unconscious; balances ID and EGO
SUPER EGO
an angle sitting on your right shoulder; morality principle; the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critical conscience; reflects social standards; “you know that your brother loves cany, you should give it all to him and not be greedy”
Adler’s Individual Psychology
The main motives of human thought and behavior are individual man’s striving for SUPERIORITY and power, partly in compensation for his feeling of inferiority (PRESENT GOALS)
Jung’s Analytic Psychology
He believed that no one is a hundred percent extrovert or a hundred percent introvert, instead, we carry both traits (ambivert).
Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling
Also called client-centered and Rogerian Counseling; The objective is for the client to become able to see himself as a person, with the power and freedom to change rather than as an object.
Perl’s Gestalt Therapy
He believed that one of the reasons individuals developed mental health symptoms was because they weren’t aware of their senses, emotions bodily sensations, and environment.
Elli’s Rational Emotive Behavioral Theory
It helps the client identify irrational beliefs and negative thought patterns that may lead to emotional and behavioral issues; “We cannot choose our external circumstances, but we can always choose how to respond to them”
Berne’s Transactional Analysis
A way of understanding how we relate to other people and how we communicate with them; This enables us to make the most of our communications and therefore create and maintain better relationships
Complementary Transactions
Effective and successful communication. Complementary transactions are when two people’s ego states are sympathetic or complementary to one another. This means that what you say and the response you expect to receive, and actually receive, are aligned.
crossed Transactions
A crossed transaction occurs when an ego state that did not receive the transactional stimulus sends the transactional response. Crossed transactions may lead to breakdowns in communication, which may sometimes be followed by conflict.
Ulterior Transactions
Interactions, responses, and actions that are different from those explicitly stated. (hidden message); It is the most complex communication because it has a double meaning.
To analyze Transactions
10 % of meaning is in the words spoken
30 % of meaning is told the way the words are said
60% is in facial expression
