Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular Block > L4 - Structural / congenital heart disease > Flashcards

L4 - Structural / congenital heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial septal defect

A

Defect in interatrial septum (doesn’t close).

Pulmonary venous return from LA passes directly into RA.

Left to right shunting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Left to right shunting will result in

A

increased pulmonary BF.

diastolic overload in RV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chronic significant left to right shunting of blood may result in…

A

alteration of pulmonary vascular resistance.

leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinical sign of ASD

A

split 2nd heart sound.

ejection systolic murmur?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

developmental defect of inter-ventricular septum.

left to right shunting from higher pressure LV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classic clinical sign of VSD

A

loud / harsh pansystolic murmur

high pitched, continuous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of ASD

A

closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of VSD

A

closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atrioventricular septal defect (2 types)

A

Complete AVSD

Incomplete AVSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AVSD common in

A

Down’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical signs AVSD

A

pansystolic murmur from left AV valve regurgitation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Complete AVSD

A
  • large hole in centre of heart, blood flows in all four chambers.
  • one common atrial valve instead of two separate (mitral, tricuspid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Incomplete AVSD

A
  • usually hole in atrial wall or ventricular wall near centre of heart.
  • has both mitral and tricuspid, but one of the valves (usually mitral) may not close properly
  • allowing blood to leak from LV to LA.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (pulmonary stenosis)
  2. ventricular septal defect
  3. overriding aorta
  4. RV hypertrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an over-riding aorta?

A

aorta next to VSD. allowing oxygen poor blood to flow through it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clinical presentations of TOF

hint: auscultation

A

ejection and pan-systolic murmur.

extremely rare to see unrepaired in adulthood.

17
Q

Primary treatment of TOF

A

always surgical!

aim is to a primary repair.

18
Q

Stenotic lesions would lead to (2)

A
  1. increase pressure in chamber before –> dilation, hypertrophy.
  2. leads to lower end diastolic pressure in chamber after.
19
Q

regurgitant lesions will…

A
  • increase volume in atria / ventricle.

- increased volume = increased chamber size to cope

20
Q

Adult presentations of ASD repaired previously? (3)

A
  • atrial arrhythmias
  • residual leaks
  • pulmonary hypertension if late closure
21
Q

Adult presentations of unrepaired ASD? (4)

A
  • rhs heart failure
  • atrial arrhythmias
  • emboli
  • pulmonary hypertension
22
Q

Adult presentations of TOF (3)

A
  • atrial arrhythmias common due to surgical scar / atrial dilatation
  • ventricular arrhythmias can also occur related to scar from operation
  • pulmonary valve repairs / replacement may fail with time leading to pulmonary regurgitation
23
Q

symptoms in a neonate of tof

A
  1. cyanosis
  2. poor feeding
  3. sweating during feeds.
24
Q

management of neonates with severe cyanosis

A

prostaglandin infusion to maintain patency of ductus and pulmonary flow until time of surgical repair.

25
Q

Describe coarctation of aorta?

A
  • outflow tract obstruction.
  • obstruction to LV outflow tracts leads to increase in left ventricular after-load.
  • left ventricular hypertrophy
26
Q

Describe a patent foramen ovale

A
  • flaplike opening between atrial septum primum and secundum at location of fossa ovalis.
  • in womb serves as right to left shunting
  • at birth left atrial pressure increases allowing functional closure of foramen ovale.
  • followed by anatomical closure of septum primum and secundum by age of 1.
27
Q

Describe Marfan’s syndrome and how it may lead to dissection

A
  • heritable disorder of fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene, connective tissue protein
  • connective tissue disorder may lead to abnormalities in aortic wall
  • causing progressive aortic dilatation
  • thus increasing risk of acute aortic dissection.
28
Q

Prophylaxis to endocarditis

A
  • avoid anything that breaks skin barrier

- anti-biotics pre procedure (pulmonary valve replacements)

29
Q

endocarditis

A

commonly mitral valve affected.

staph. aureus.

bacteraemia
adherence of organisms
eventual invasion of valvular leaflets

Cardiovascular Block (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions