L4 - Sibling Competition Flashcards
1
Q
Clutch Size
A
- number of eggs/offspring per reproductive bout
- most mammals/birds: few relatively large offspring
- most insects/plants: tens to hundreds of offspring of intermediate size
- some plants and marine species have millions
2
Q
Precocial young
A
-relatively mature and mobile from birth/hatching
3
Q
Altricial young
A
-relatively immature and immobile from birth/hatching
4
Q
Iteroparous reproduction
A
- capable of multiple reproductive bouts
- most mammals, perennial plants
5
Q
Semelparous reproduction
A
- single reproductive bout, then death
- “Bing Bang” reproduction
- Pacific salmon, annuals plants, matriphagous spiders
6
Q
Life History Theory
A
- concerned with evolution of resource allocation strategies which define life cycle
- addresses variation at species population & individual level in the scheduling of life history traits
- duration gestation, age of weaning, age sexual maturation, age mortality, age first reproduction, clutch size
7
Q
Life History Trade-Offs
A
- in resource allocation
- can’t put resources into more than one thing
8
Q
David Lack
A
- one of first to apply “modern synthesis” to study of animal behavior
- stated clutch size variation reflects individual optima for maximizing reproductive success
9
Q
Obligate siblicide
A
- siblicide happens in every clutch
- possibly an insurance strategy
10
Q
Siblicide in Humans
A
- highly altricial young + extended juvenile period make resources more limited between siblings with staggered ages
- competition for inheritance and marriage
- killer usually younger party
- more common when same-sex, brothers, and close in age
11
Q
Phenotypic Correlations
A
-correlation of the line or genotype means for two traits
12
Q
Replacement Births
A
-death of infant leads to faster acceleration to next pregnancy
13
Q
Trade-offs between offspring number and survival are likely,
but we should anticipate…
A
variation by socioecological factors (extrinsic mortality, juvenile production, kin support)
