L4 orthopedic

Question 1

how many bones and the function

Answer 1

206 bones

• structural support
• movement
• strength
• protection of vital organs
• reservoirs for minerals and assist with blood cell production

Question 2

classification of the bone - flat bone

Answer 2

Question 3

clasification of bone- long bone

Answer 3

Question 4

short bone

Answer 4

Question 5

cubodial bone

Answer 5

Question 6

sesamoid bone

Answer 6

Question 7

e.g. of different types of bones

Answer 7

Question 8

types of jointes

• fibrous
• syndesmosis
• cartilagenous
• synovial

Answer 8

Question 9

whats the difference between tendon and ligament

Answer 9

ligament- hold bone to bone

tendon - hold muscle to bone

Question 10

define dislocation and subluxation

Answer 10

Question 11

tendon and ligament injury

Answer 11

use RICE, rest ice elevation and compression

Question 12

vascular injury

Answer 12

Question 13

nerve injury

Answer 13

Question 14

fracture and cause

Answer 14

Question 15

classification of fractures

Answer 15

Fractures are classified by:

– Stable vs non-stable
– Type
– Open or closed

– Anatomical location of #

Question 16

Stable vs unstable (Undisplaced vs displaced)

Answer 16

Question 17

orientation of fracture

Answer 17

Question 18

description of fracture

Answer 18

Question 19

open VS closed fracture

Answer 19

Question 20

anatomical location of #

Answer 20

Question 21

vulnerable to fracture

Answer 21

– Elderly
– Osteoporosis
– Brittle bones
– Osteomalacia
– Pagets disease
– Perthes disease
– Anyone prone to falls

Question 22

Surrounding Structures of bones

Answer 22

The musculoskeletal system and associated neurovascular system consists of;

– bones
– muscle
– ligament

– tendons and cartilage

– blood vessels
– nerves

Injuries to the bone also results in injury to the surrounding soft tissues and these other structures.

Question 23

goal of treatment

Answer 23

Realign bone fragments – aka reduce

Immobilise to maintain alignment

Restore function

Question 24

Treatment options - Closed reduction

Answer 24

Many fractures can be realigned via closed reduction under anaesthetic. Closed reduction is appropriate when fracture ends are not significantly displaced and position can be maintained with immobilisation.

Question 25

Treatment options - Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Answer 25

– The fracture is realigned under direct visualisation and secured using a prosthesis e.g. screws, pins, plates or wire. – There is a risk of infection and potential secondary trauma to the bone and surrounding structures.

Question 26

Treatment options - External fixation

Answer 26

– – External mechanical device attached to pins set within the affected bone fragments. Usedwherethereisminimalskinloss surrounding the fracture and are easily adjusted. \*\*Pin sites need to be dressed and well cared for to prevent infection\*\*

Question 27

Treatment Options - Traction

Answer 27

Pulling force used to maintain alignment of a fracture and reduce pain and muscular spasm. Skin traction – direct application of a pulling force on the skin. Most commonly used as a temporary measure.

Question 28

Skeletal Traction –

Answer 28

– Insertion of a pin,the position for placement is dependent on the fracture site. – The force is applied directly to the bone in a continuous strong steady pull. – Can be used as definitive treatment.

Question 29

traction

Answer 29

Question 30

cast

Answer 30

Question 31

cast complications

Answer 31

Question 32

NOF #

Answer 32

Question 33

post op care

Answer 33

Question 34

medication

Answer 34

Question 35

Weight-bear status

Answer 35

Question 36

neuro obs

Answer 36

Question 37

neuro obs- pain

Answer 37

Question 38

neuro obs sensation and motor function

Answer 38

Question 39

neuro obs colour and temp

Answer 39

Question 40

neuro obs - capillary refill

Answer 40

Question 41

neuro obs - pulse

Answer 41

Question 42

pulse location

Answer 42

Question 43

acute and chronic complication

Answer 43

Question 44

infection

Answer 44

Question 45

acute compartment syndrome

Answer 45

Question 46

what is compartment

Answer 46

Question 47

Acute Compartment syndrome can occur due to three factors;

Answer 47

Question 48

Answer 48

Question 49

Neurovascular observations Remember Be vigilant and diligent Always compare unaffected limb with affected limb Check with the handing over nurse to ensure consistency Escalate, escalate and escalate when you are concerned

Answer 49

Question 50

fatty emboli syndrome and prevention

Answer 50

Question 51

signs and symptoms of FES

Answer 51

Question 52

treatment of FES

Answer 52

Question 53

promote healing and prevent complications

Answer 53

Question 54

healing

Answer 54

Question 55

SUMMARY - Role of Orthopaedic Nurses

Answer 55

– Pain management – Observation and monitoring of limb – Observations of vital signs – Anticipate and detect clinical changes – Escalation of care – Assist in achieving maximum rehabilitation potential – Psychosocial care – Reduce the risk of associated complications – Patienteducation&healthpromotion