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5084 > L4 orthopedic > Flashcards

L4 orthopedic Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones and the function

A

206 bones

  • structural support
  • movement
  • strength
  • protection of vital organs
  • reservoirs for minerals and assist with blood cell production
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2
Q

classification of the bone - flat bone

A
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3
Q

clasification of bone- long bone

A
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4
Q

short bone

A
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5
Q

cubodial bone

A
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6
Q

sesamoid bone

A
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7
Q

e.g. of different types of bones

A
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8
Q

types of jointes

  • fibrous
  • syndesmosis
  • cartilagenous
  • synovial
A
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9
Q

whats the difference between tendon and ligament

A

ligament- hold bone to bone

tendon - hold muscle to bone

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10
Q

define dislocation and subluxation

A
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11
Q

tendon and ligament injury

A

use RICE, rest ice elevation and compression

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12
Q

vascular injury

A
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13
Q

nerve injury

A
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14
Q

fracture and cause

A
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15
Q

classification of fractures

A

Fractures are classified by:

– Stable vs non-stable
– Type
– Open or closed

– Anatomical location of #

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16
Q

Stable vs unstable (Undisplaced vs displaced)

A
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17
Q

orientation of fracture

A
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18
Q

description of fracture

A
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19
Q

open VS closed fracture

A
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20
Q

anatomical location of #

A
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21
Q

vulnerable to fracture

A

– Elderly
– Osteoporosis
– Brittle bones
– Osteomalacia
– Pagets disease
– Perthes disease
– Anyone prone to falls

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22
Q

Surrounding Structures of bones

A

The musculoskeletal system and associated neurovascular system consists of;

– bones
– muscle
– ligament

– tendons and cartilage

– blood vessels
– nerves

Injuries to the bone also results in injury to the surrounding soft tissues and these other structures.

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23
Q

goal of treatment

A

Realign bone fragments – aka reduce

Immobilise to maintain alignment

Restore function

24
Q

Treatment options - Closed reduction

A

Many fractures can be realigned via closed reduction under anaesthetic. Closed reduction is appropriate when fracture ends are not significantly displaced and position can be maintained with immobilisation.

25
Q

Treatment options - Open Reduction Internal Fixation

A

– The fracture is realigned under direct visualisation and secured using a prosthesis e.g. screws, pins, plates or wire.

– There is a risk of infection and potential secondary trauma to the bone and surrounding structures.

26
Q

Treatment options - External fixation

A

– –

External mechanical device attached to pins set within the affected bone fragments. Usedwherethereisminimalskinloss surrounding the fracture and are easily adjusted.

**Pin sites need to be dressed and well cared for to prevent infection**

27
Q

Treatment Options - Traction

A

Pulling force used to maintain alignment of a fracture and reduce pain and muscular spasm.

Skin traction – direct application of a pulling force on the skin. Most commonly used as a temporary measure.

28
Q

Skeletal Traction –

A

– Insertion of a pin,the position for placement is dependent on the fracture

site.

– The force is applied directly to the bone in a continuous strong steady pull.

– Can be used as definitive treatment.

29
Q

traction

A
30
Q

cast

A
31
Q

cast complications

A
32
Q

NOF #

A
33
Q

post op care

A
34
Q

medication

A
35
Q

Weight-bear status

A
36
Q

neuro obs

A
37
Q

neuro obs- pain

A
38
Q

neuro obs sensation and motor function

A
39
Q

neuro obs colour and temp

A
40
Q

neuro obs - capillary refill

A
41
Q

neuro obs - pulse

A
42
Q

pulse location

A
43
Q

acute and chronic complication

A
44
Q

infection

A
45
Q

acute compartment syndrome

A
46
Q

what is compartment

A
47
Q

Acute Compartment syndrome can occur due to three factors;

A
48
Q
A
49
Q

Neurovascular observations

Remember
Be vigilant and diligent
Always compare unaffected limb with affected limb
Check with the handing over nurse to ensure consistency Escalate, escalate and escalate when you are concerned

A
50
Q

fatty emboli syndrome and prevention

A
51
Q

signs and symptoms of FES

A
52
Q

treatment of FES

A
53
Q

promote healing and prevent complications

A
54
Q

healing

A
55
Q

SUMMARY - Role of Orthopaedic Nurses

A

– Pain management

– Observation and monitoring of limb

– Observations of vital signs

– Anticipate and detect clinical changes

– Escalation of care

– Assist in achieving maximum rehabilitation potential

– Psychosocial care

– Reduce the risk of associated complications

– Patienteducation&healthpromotion

5084 (7 decks)

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