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Anatomy > L4: Myology Of The Trunk > Flashcards

L4: Myology Of The Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

is external intercostal for inhalation or exhalation? explain why based on its origin & insertion.

A

inhalation

origin: inf rib
insertion: sup rib below
thus fiber orientation is inferomedial

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2
Q

the SCM expands the ___ by elevating sternum and the clavicle, which helps in inspiration

A

thoracic cavity

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3
Q

Muscles used for inhalation

A

diaphgragm; External intercostal;
sternocleidomastoid;
serratus anterior & pec minor -> elevate the ribs when scapula is fixed

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4
Q

action of internal intercostal due to its origin & insertion

A

exhalation

origin: sup bor. of rib
insertion: inf bor. of rib above
thus fiber orientation is superolateral

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5
Q

4 intrinsic muscles of the thor wall

A

diaphragm; external, internal, & innermost intercostals

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6
Q

the 3 classification of back muscles are?

A

superficial
intermediate
deep

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7
Q

the back’s superficial layer are made of muscles that move the ___ while the intermediate layer are made of muscles attached to the __ and move the ___

A

shoulder girdle
ribs
thor cage

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8
Q

the back’s deep layer, also known as the true back muscles, are found in the __ and can be divided into __ & ___

A

vert column

extrinsic & intrinsic

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9
Q

which back muscles can move the vertebral column & trunk?

A

intrinsic

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10
Q

the deep back muscles are made of 3 muscle groups, 2 of which are in extrinsic and the other is intrinsic. Name them.

A

extrinsic
- SUPERFICIAL vertical muscles
- Transverso-spinalis (INTERMEDIATE back muscles)
intrinsic — DEEPEST muscles of the vert column, AKA Segmental Muscles

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11
Q

the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic wall, found in the upper and lower back

A

serratus posterior muscles (superior & inferior)

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12
Q

muscles of the abdominal wall lack bony structures for protection, and instead have what?

A

LARGE MUSCLES to provide protection to produce gross movements

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13
Q

how are the ab muscles involved in respiration?

A

due to ATTACHMENT of its muscles to the RIB CAGE

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14
Q

unpaired bone which covers the back of the head

A

occipital bone

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15
Q

pair of bilateral, symmetrical bones that make up a large part of the sides of the skull’s base

A

temporal bones

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16
Q

in the anterior asp. of the abdominal wall, there’s 3 flat muscles and 2 vertically oriented muscles. Name them.

A

3 flat muscles = external & internal obliques, TVA (transversus abdominis)
2 vertically oriented muscles = RA, pyramidalis

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17
Q

identify which of the ant muscles of the ab wall has the ff.

origin: lower 8 ribs (5-12)
insertion: linea alba, iliac crest, pubis

A

EO

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18
Q

identify which of the ant muscles of the ab wall has the ff.

origin: ant surface of the pubis
insertion: linea alba

A

pyramidalis

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19
Q

identify which of the ant muscles of the ab wall has the ff.

origin: lum fascia, iliac crest, lat of 2/3 inguinal lig
insertion: linea alba, pubis, lower 3 ribs

A

IO

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20
Q

identify which of the ant muscles of the ab wall has the ff.

origin: lum fascia, iliac crest, lat of 1/3 inguinal lig
insertion: linea alba, pubis

A

TVA

21
Q

identify which of the ant muscles of the ab wall has the ff.

origin: symphysis pubis, pubic crest & tubercle
insertion: xiphoid proc, 5th-7th cc’s, pubis

A

RA

22
Q

T or F: the upper 6 cc’s and lat 2/3 of the inguinal lig is part of the TVA’s origin

A

F, it’s lower 6 cc’s & lat of 2/3 inguinal lig

23
Q

both the EO & IO are responsible for trunk flexion and rotation, but which does contralateral and ipsilateral rotation?

A 
EO = contralateral rotation -> inf-med fiber orientation
IO = ipsilateral rotation -> sup-med fiber orientation
24
Q

action of pyramidalis

A

tenses the linea alba

25
Q

this ant ab muscle is AKA the “straight up muscle”, as it flexes the vert column, and is an antilordotic muscle as it promotes __ pelvic tilt

A

RA; post

post pelvic tilt = pelvis tilts post -> butt tilts ant => corrects posture

26
Q

which ant ab muscles act as ant flexors of the trunk?

A

bilateral action of EO & IO + RA

27
Q

the main function of this ant ab muscle is to provide stability

A

TVA

28
Q

the post asp. of the ab wall are made of 3 muscles, namely

A

psoas, quadratus lumborum, iliacus

29
Q

muscles of the post ab wall that

  • flexes the thigh on trunk,
  • if the thigh is fixed, flexes the trunk on the thigh (eg sitting up from lying down position)
A

psoas & iliacus, AKA iliopsoas muscle

30
Q

this post ab muscle

  • fixes & depresses the 12th rib (for inspiration & forced respiration resp)
  • ipsilateral flex of the vert column
A

quadratus lumborum

31
Q

the psoas & iliacus insert at what part of the femur?

A

lesser trochanter

32
Q

the quadratus lumborum insert at what rib?

A

rib 12

33
Q

the 2 superficial vertical muscles are made of 2 grps, namely?

A

cervical muscles; erector spinae

34
Q

the transversospinalis muscle group are made of 3 muscles, namely

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

35
Q

general action of the transversospinalis muscle group bilaterally & unilaterally are?

A 
bilateral = trunk ext
unilateral = contralateral trunk ext (via pulling SP to TP on opp side)
36
Q

collectively, this group of deep back muscles contribute to the stability of the vertebrae

A

deepest muscles of the vert column, AKA Segmental muscles

37
Q

the segmental muscles are made of 2 grps, namely?

A

interspinalis, intertransversarii

38
Q

T or F: due to the SHORT ATTACHMENT of the transverso-spinalis muscle grp, it mainly functions to STABILIZE the vert column during gross movement

A

T

39
Q

the transverso-spinalis muscle grp mainly originates & inserts at which parts of the vert?

A

origin: TP of vert => that’s why they’re called as transverso-spinalis
insertion: SP of vert => insertions are medial to their origins

40
Q

this muscle grp of the superficial vertical muscles act as primary extensors of the vert column & head

A

erector spinae

41
Q

main movements of the erector spinae bilaterally & unilaterally

A

bi - back ext (straighten back)

uni - lat bend of vert column

42
Q

erector spinae is made of 3 muscles, namely

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, thoracis

43
Q

the cervical muscles are prime movers of which body parts?

A

head & neck

44
Q

name the 3 muscle grps of the cervical muscles

A 
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Spinotransverse grp (splenius capitis & cervicis)
scalene muscles (ant, post, lat)
45
Q

cervical muscles that act as neck extensors

A

splenius capitis & cervicis, via bilatral contraction

46
Q

cervical muscles that cause head rotation

A

unilateral contraction of

  • SCM (contralateral)
  • splenius capitis & cervicis (ipsilateral)
47
Q

T or F: bilateral action of the SCM & Scalene cause neck flexion

A

T

48
Q

which cervical muscle does NOT cause head rotation?

choices: SCM, spinotransverse grp, scalene

A

Scalene - only does neck lat flex (ipsilateral), neck flex

Anatomy (7 decks)

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